The Moghul Dynasty Essay Example For Students

The Moghul Dynasty Essay The Moghul Dynasty changed India into one of the greatest empires. It was stretched out over almost two centuries. During this rule, the emperors turned an un-unified nation into a prosperous country. I will discuss the rulers of the Moghul Dynasty and how they changed Indian society. More specifically I will talk about Akbar and what he did for the government and religious institutions and the role of women during this period. The Moghul Dynasty ruled India from 1527 to 1857. The founder of the Moghuls was Babur, who was born in 1483 of a ruler in a small Asian state, Ferghana. At the young age of eleven, Babur inherited the throne from his father. After a long period of hardship and grave danger, Babur detained the Afghanistan throne in 1504. Twenty years later, Babur and 12,000 soldiers embarked to India. He and his men battled against Afghan King of Delhi and triumphed, even though they were outnumbered. Babur was only the emperor of India for four years before his untimely death in 1530. The next emperor was Babur’s son, Humayun, who reigned from 1530 to 1556. Humayun showed no relation to Babur in any way. He was an alcoholic and was addicted to opium.The only use Humayun was to India was that he was the father of Akbar, the greatest ruler of India. We will write a custom essay on The Moghul Dynasty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Akbar reigned from 1557 to 1605, like his grandfather, he took the throne at a very young age. Even though he never learned to read, he was very interested in learning. He would have others read to him from his books that he collected. Akbar was most famously known for his acceptance of all religions. He died in 1605, but not before building a secure government that he worked diligently to create. After the next two emperors, Jahangir and Shan Jahan, two good rulers, Aurengzeb followed them. Aurengzeb overthrew his father Shan Jahan in 1627. He killed his brothers and imprisoned his father. He persecuted the Hindus and re-established taxes on the Hindus. These discriminatory acts made the Hindus revolt, leaving the empire fragile. This was the beginning of the end of The Great Moghul Empire. The situation only worsened. Years and years of internal fighting between the Hindus and Muslim weakened the government so much that in 1739, the Persians invaded and annex Delhi, giving this per iod the name â€Å"Time of Troubles.† It was only with Britain’s help that order was reinstated. Great Britain got rid removed the Moghul emperor, ending the Moghul Dynasty in 1857. Akbar created an absolute government, which controlled everything, and he was in charge. His word was law, which was the Moghul theory. He commanded the military and believed that a strong nation has a strong military. He required all officials sign up for the military, but didn’t create a navy.The Indians lived by a caste system. There were four groups; the priests and teachers (Brahmins), the warriors and administrators, the merchants, artisans and farmers and the sharecroppers/ farm workers (sudras). The initial two owned land, demanded services from sudras and were privileged in religion and education. Akbar had great, loyal subjects, who he hand picked based on ability and merit. According to custom, the emperor was to present himself in public on a daily basis. So almost every morning, Akbar gathered the public to receive petitions and gave orders. He was even known to put on disguises and go into the marketplace to listen to people’s points of view. For most citizens the payment of land taxes was their only contact to the government.The principle function of the government was the collection of taxes, maintaining order, enforcing the law, and the creation and uptake of roads and bridges. The government did not care about irrigation and water concerns; relief for those is trouble and didn’t even reduce taxes during times of famine. A comprehensive land register, when one documents everything on one’s land, is the foundation of taxation. Taxation of the land was about a third of India’s gross product.If Akbar were to be remembered for only one accomplishment, it would have been his religious tolerance. Over of Indians were Hindus, and the others were mainly Muslims. Akbar allowed each person to believe in whatever religion they wanted. He didn’t tax subjects due to religious preference. He decided to build the Hall of Worship at the capital at that time, Fatehpur Sikri. This is where he invited scholars from different religions to come and discuss religion and philosophy. After discussing the different religions, he took the best parts from Hinduism and Islam and made a state religion called Divine Faith. The main idea Divine Faith that Akbar believed in was to teach people to pursue virtue. From Islam, he borrowed the idea of one God and no priesthood and borrowed many Hindu ceremonies. Akbar’s religion didn’t succeed; the Hindus honored him for his intentions. But on the other hand, the orthodox Muslims begrudged the Emperors religious ideas. Aurengzeb was the emperor to actually abolish religious tolerance and started to persecute Hindus. He was very against Hindus and was an advocate for Muslims. He cruelly persecuted Hindus, restored taxes on Hindus and destroyed their temples. Th is started the Hindus to revolt, leading to bad relations between the two groups. War after war broke out between these two groups, which slowly weakened the government and people so much that it eventually led to the fall of the Moghul Dynasty. .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 , .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .postImageUrl , .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 , .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:hover , .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:visited , .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:active { border:0!important; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:active , .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505 .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua223a642022b75a0026b7643cd305505:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tuition EssayWomen played a major role in the daily lives during the Moghul Dynasty. Their living conditions always varied on religion and class, but they continually deteriorated. The Islamic purdah, a law requiring Muslim women to be veiled and not reveal most of their skin, was one of the many impediments on the Moghul women. Hinduism didn’t require purdah, but upper- caste members regularly dressed in veils.Moghul women excelled as weavers. Each women, not matter her caste, would spin thread for her use.As stated in Women In World History by Sarah Shaver Hughes, â€Å" India’s women hand spinners could also have bragged of their part in creating a textil e industry that for a time, before industrialization, seemed to clothe the world.† (60) Every part of India surged ahead in some kind of textile making, mostly, thanks to women. At one point of time, it was estimated that Bengal produced over two million pounds of silk a year. Muslim and Hindu women also had certain duties they had to fill and had to follow. The differences between Muslim and Hindus when marrying are; Muslim women were allowed to inherit land property, but the Hindu forbade it. Muslim men could have several wives, and the Hindu was monogamous. Muslim allowed divorce and widows were allowed to remarry. The Hindus weren’t allowed to divorce and the widows were actually discouraged to remarry and encouraged to commit suicide on their husband’s grave. The only similarity between these two religions is that when women marry, they’d join their husband’s household. One of the great women in Moghul Dynasty was Nur Jahan, wife of emperor Jah angir. According to Shavers, The Moghul Empress Nur Jahan, she helped her husband with politics for fifteen years of her husband’s life. After her husband died, she stayed involved with the government. Her original plan was to administer the government, and in the end she formed a junta, which worked like a parliament. Nur Jahan helped the Moghul Dynasty when no ruler was present. This didn’t happen to â€Å"normal† women during the 16th and 17th centuries. Noble men adored their Moghul women. To prove that Shan Jahan loved his wife Mumtaz Mahal, he built the Taj Mahal, at the site of her grave. The Moghul Dynasty imposed many lasting images of India. Babur created a great government, which accomplished great tasks. It unified India for the first time in a 1000 years, created a strong government, which eventually would be the basis of independent India’s government, and the long line of capable rulers, especially Akbar. Without the Moghul Dynasty, India w ould have been a divided nation with no central government. So the Moghul Dynasty many not be intact today, but the effects still linger.Bibliography:

Human cloning ban essays

Human cloning ban essays Cloning is best defined as the making of genetically identical copies of a single cell or entire organism (Human Cloning 36). Until recently, scientists believed that animals could only be cloned by the process of combining a cell in the embryonic stage with an egg and fertilizing it to become an embryo, the earliest stage of a living organism. In 1997, scientists from the Roslin Institute in Scotland announced the first successful cloned animal from an adult cell. With recent advancements in technology and this new cloning procedure, the cloning of humans has become a realistic possibility. Human cloning encompasses more than just the creation of an entire human; the ban has halted important research at the cellular level on human embryonic cells and should be revised to allow research to continue in the treatment and possible cures of many illnesses and diseases. Cloning has a longer history than most people realize. The concept of cloning is over sixty years old. In 1932, Hans Spemann, a German scientist, was the first person to propose transferring the nucleus from a cell of an adult animal into an egg to replicate that animal. It was not until 1952 that the first attempt was made to clone a living organism. Robert Briggs and Thomas King attempted to clone frogs by transferring the nucleus of a frog embryo cell, a cell in the early stages of development, into an egg cell. This attempt failed, but the technique became known as nuclear transfer (Cloning 154). One year later, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structural model for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). DNA contains the genetic information of each cell and is the chemical basis for heredity. In 1962, an Oxford University zoologist, John Gurdon, was the first person to successfully clone an organism, a frog, using the nuclear transfer process. The first mammal, a sheep, was cloned in 1984 by a Danish embryologist, Steen Willadsen,...

Spanish Language in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spanish Language in Schools - Essay Example The first study to track Toronto high school students through Ontario's new four-year curriculum also show that students who speak Spanish, Portuguese or Somali are at higher risk than kids who speak any other of the city's most common languages. And they are more likely to fail Grade 9 math and flunk the Grade 10 literacy test, and are less likely to apply to college or university. (American Renaissance, 21 September 2008). The result of the survey is without a doubt shocking and this is the biggest pitfall which is taking place in many schools around the globe. Once a student drops out, his/her whole life will be affected because of that decision and not all can become Bill Gates even after dropping out. The whole census was taken in order to find out what exactly was the reason of the students not faring well in their exams and the facts which came out were really shocking. The background of the student matters a lot, if a student belongs to Mexico or Portugal and the school authorities have Spanish as a compulsory language in the curriculum, the student would be very disappointed because his background is not apt in learning the language and moreover if he fails to show any improvement, the disappointment will reach a different level and the student will surely think of dropping out. All these things matter a lot to the students; the pressure these days on days in huge and coping with that pressure is not that easy. Spanish should be taught in the schools but it shouldn't be made compulsory because the students in a school will surely be from diverse backgrounds and some other language other than Spanish can be introduced but in that case also it should not be made a compulsion. By learning a language no student can become intelligent and develop as a person, a schools curriculum should have subjects which will develop the overall personality of the s tudent and learning Spanish will certainly not do that. "The purpose of learning Spanish is to communicate with the people who speak the language and to understand their cultures." (Kuala High school, 21 September 2008). Though it can be argued that learning Spanish has many advantages but overall its effects on students is very negative, especially for the students from diverse backgrounds. Spanish is very difficult to learn and the pronunciation is very complicated, the same makes the language very tough to learn. The schools which include Spanish in their curriculum make a big mistake and those schools never take into consideration the students from diverse background, which is the biggest mistake which they make and the same results in the students dropping out from the school and ultimately spoiling their career. The situation should be well understood by the school authorities and it should not continue, the people responsible behind introducing Spanish in the school's curriculum should learn from their mistakes before it's too late . The most important point here is the diversity of students studying in various schools and the immigration policies. There are so many people who travel and settle in different countries and if the native language of that country is included in the curriculum then they will surely be discouraged and will feel like giving up studies forever. So many times it so

Starbucks strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Starbucks strategy - Essay Example Finally or fourth, the business strategy must define the broad terms that will put the business on a secured foothold in its area of business. Each distinct business endeavour must have its own business strategy so that if a business covers several business areas then it must have several business strategies (MacMillan and Tampoe 2000, p. 171). Although there is a tendency for a business strategy to be lengthy, a business strategy document must be short enough so that the document can be read and understood in one sitting (MacMillan and Tampoe 2000, p. 17). The content of business strategy can cover strategic intent, the principal findings of a strategic assessment, the strategic choices that have been made and the supporting rationale, a statement of goals and objectives, and an outline of the strategic initiatives (Macmillan and Tampoe 2000, p. 17). There are several business strategy formulation frameworks that businesses use in their business practice as well as employ in articul ating their business strategy. Based on the preponderance in the literature, it seems that two of the most popular ones are Michael Porter’s Five Forces Strategy Formulation System and the Blue Ocean Strategy Formulation System of W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne. Both approaches have a sizeable following and appear to be a contrast of strategy formulation framework for business. ... 1). Kim and Mauborgne (2005, p. 106) describes the blue ocean strategy as the strategy that seeks a market where there are no competitors known as â€Å"blue oceans†. According to Kim and Mauborgne (2005, p. 106), a blue ocean strategy implies being uncontested in the market, irrelevance of competition, creation and capture of new demand, value for money, and aligning firm attention towards a focus on differentiation and lower costs. The Kim and Mauborgne perspective utilize the analogy of a blue ocean that is calm and without competition that can make the blue ocean very bloody or red. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis and Kim and Mauborgne’s blue ocean strategy do not exhaust the possible variations of available business strategy formulation frameworks but the two business strategy formulation frameworks probably state the spectrum on which the various business strategy formulation frameworks can be found. II. Starbucks through time and today We trace the history o f growth of Starbucks Corporation based on its postings through its official website at www.starbucks.com and official reports that the corporation gave to government agencies. Starbucks Corporation started from a single narrow-front store selling coffee beans in Seattle’s Pike Place Market (Starbucks Corporation 2010a). The corporate name originated from the Moby Dick novel and was intended to evoke the romance of the high seas and the early coffee traders (Starbucks Corporation 2010a). The current Starbucks Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer had walked into a Starbucks store in 1981, fell in love with Starbucks coffee, and joined the company a year after. However, in 1983, Howard Schultz travelled to Italy, was exposed to Italian coffee bars, and has been described

Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation - Essay Example I also observed that the center maintains a well manicured garden with beautiful flowers and lawn. This school is multiracial and it caters for children from different backgrounds. Overall, the standards maintained at this center are par excellence and everyone feels welcome to this particular center which is well secured. I also observed that the classroom level is ideal for the children. The children sit in groups of six and the furniture is arranged in a rectangular fashion such that the teacher can monitor each child at any given time. The teacher mainly uses teaching aids such as charts and pictures and other drawings to explain different things to the children who are still in the early stages of development. The teacher uses the chalk board to illustrate different things to the children. I also observed that the teacher uses different pictures to test the knowledge of the children if they know the symbols shown. The teacher relates well with the students and she is not selective despite the fact that the children come from different races. I was impressed to realise that the teacher knows all the students in her class. I also observed a lesson where the teacher wanted to test the knowledge of the children if they know different animals. She used picture aids in this lesson where she will lift a picture showing a certain animal. She would then randomly call any student to name the animal. This lesson was very eventful since all the students were excited and eager to participate. The children learnt a lot of things in this lesson and some of them would even describe where the animals shown on the pictures live. In my own view, I think the teacher is experienced for this job. It is quite challenging for other people to teach early child development classes but I discovered that the teacher greatly enjoyed her work. She interacted in a cordial manner with the students and she spoke to them in a motherly manner. The

Guide to Writing Lab Reports

Guide to Writing Lab Reports Aspect 1: Defining the Problem and Selecting Variables: Research Question (RQ) The first part of planning an experiment is writing a good research question that you will investigate. A Good RQ will: Include both dependent and independent variables Be Quantitative if appropriate Include the organism or tissue investigated Hypothesis A hypothesis is a statement that addresses the RQ and makes a prediction about what will happen. A Good Hypothesis will: Be written in an If. . ., then. . ., because. . . format. (If the [independent variable] [does something], then the [dependent variable] will [do something as a result], because [explanation].) Include both dependent and independent variables Be Quantitative if appropriate Be Testable (Falsifiable) Relate to the RQ Be explained Variables Variables are the different parts of your experiment that are able to change from one experiment to another. In order to perform a fair test it is important to make sure that we control as many variables as possible in order to gain accurate data. A Good Variables list will: Include the Independent variable the variable you change Include the Dependent variable the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable Include other Controlled variables (constants?) and why we need to Identify the control (controlled variables are things we need to keep constant in each experiment) Groups: These groups should be very clearly identified so that you may refer back to them throughout your lab report as you do data processing, data presentation, and your conclusion/ evaluation. Control group: This is the baseline group that you will be comparing the how the independent variable affects the dependent variable. This is NOT the same thing as controlled variables. Experimental group(s): This (These) is (are) the what is affected by the independent variable and is what you are measuring. Aspect 2: Controlling Variables: Control of Variables Part of methods section of a lab is to include how you will control the variables, not simple what the variables are as listed above. It is possible to list the variables in the method section or to list them in their own section before materials and methods. If this is the case you will still need to discuss HOW you will control them in the methods section. A Good Control of Variables section will: Specify how the measurements will be collected. Specify how the other variables will be controlled. Make sure that each variable in the list is mention Aspect 3: Developing a Method for Collecting Data: Apparatus and Materials Includes the necessary equipment and materials to control and measure the variables listed in Aspect 1. Should be in its own section separate from Method. A Good Apparatus and Materials List will: Indicate the correct materials for each variable Indicate the precision of measurements: 500 ml beaker, instead of just beaker Thermometer (0-100 °) instead of just Thermometer 1 meter stick or 100 cm ruler not just ruler Can include an annotated diagram, but not necessary Methods to Collect Sufficient and Relevant data Includes a numbered series of steps to control all variables and collect sufficient and relevant data. It is important when planning an experiment to think about the RANGE and SIZE of measurements as well as how many REPLICATES of the experiment you will do. This is part of the methods section. Should be in its own section separate from Apparatus and Materials A Good Methods section will: Include all steps necessary to complete the experiment (even the obvious ones- think about your grandma) Include how and when to take measurements or record observations Address an appropriate RANGE of intervals or measurements. i.e. temperature from 0-10 or 0-100 or 50-100, etc IB requires that you have a minimum of 5 increments (or trials) with a minimum of 5 repeats at each trial. Address the SIZE of intervals or measurements i.e. what units of time will be used, or how long will the experiment run, etc Indicates how many times the experiment will be REPLICATED i.e. how many times should you do the experiment? Makes sure that relevant data is able to be collected Data Collection and Processing Aspect 1: Recording Raw Data: Collecting and recording raw data Data collection skills are important in accurately recording observed events and are critical to scientific investigation. Data collection involves all quantitative or qualitative raw data. Qualitative data is defined as things being observed with more or less unaided senses (color, change of state, etc.) or rather crude estimates (hotter, colder, brighter, etc). Quantitative data involves some measurement. A Good Data Collector will: Record all appropriate data Pay attention to detail Include units for all measurements Include uncertainties of the instruments used Rules for data table construction It is important when presenting data that is done in an effective and easy to read format. There are more than one ways to make a table, but you should always follow convention when making your tables. A Good Data Table will have: A descriptive title Headings with units, no units in body of table Independent variable in the left hand column Dependent variable across the top Uncertainties in all measurements Whenever we make a measurement we do so with some error or uncertainty. We cannot make exact measurements, therefore it is important to indicate what level of uncertainty there may be. This should be done in the headings after the units are given. Uncertainties are calculated as:  ±  ½ of the smallest unit measurable by the instrument. For example, a thermometer that is graded to 1 °C has an uncertainty of  ± 0.5 °C  ± 1 unit of length ( ½ x 2 measurements) Aspect 2: Processing Raw Data: Data Processing Data processing means that you are actually converting the data into another form. Putting numbers into a table is not data processing! A Good Data Processing section will: Show the formula you used, even if it seems simple Include processes such as: means standard deviations % differences Statistical tests t-test   X2 (Chi-squared) test Aspect 3: Presenting Processed Data: Data Presentation Data presentation is not always necessary to every lab. You must evaluate if the data you collected is able to be graphed. [Hint: basically all quantitative data can be collected] A Good Data Presentation section will: Use the appropriate graph type: continuous variable best line or scatter graphs discontinuous variable bar graphs parts of a whole pie charts Have a descriptive title Have appropriate headings with units on both axis Be drawn neatly with axis being drawn in pencil Have clear labels or a key if more than one data set is present on one set of axis Have clearly marked and appropriate units Have points clearly located and marked NEVER connect the dots!!! Aspect 1: Concluding: Conclusion: A conclusion is not simply a restatement of the problem. It requires thought and analysis of the relevant data collected and presented. A Good Conclusion will: Refer back to the RQ and hypothesis. Remember, you CAN NOT prove your hypothesis right. You can support it, or disprove it, but you cannot prove anything! Be explained with reference to data analysis and literature values [translation: dont say something that is not in your data!] Give the quantitative relationship between variables where appropriate linear, exponential, inverse, positive, negative, not it changed, we can see that! Say how it changed! Compare results with text book or other literature values Aspect 2: Evaluating the Procedure: Evaluation: Most difficult part! You are not being judged as person, so dont take the defensive and try and justify your mistakes! Be honest, and think hard about what you could have done better. A Good Evaluation will: Identify sources of error in method and measurement Identify limitations in method [whether or not you chose it or not] and data collection Aspect 3: Improving the Investigation: Improvements: After you identify possible sources of error in your experiment it is necessary to provide realistic methods to improve on your experiment. A Good Improvements section will: Address each of the possible sources of error in the investigation and cite methods that could be used to fix them Change dont say the temperature changed, or the graph changed. Use increase or decrease, or another qualitative statement. It, They, Them use nouns. It doesnt matter if you say the same thing 100 times! This is not English class. Prove You cant prove anything. You can only support your hypothesis. SO. . . The temperature changed, therefore it changed too, which proves my hypothesis to be correct. Is a horrible sentence!   

Sleeping Late Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is so busy sometimes we don’t get enough sleep. Some days our bodies need more sleep than others. Some people like to sleep in after a busy week at work, or a long night of partying. Others feel that sleeping in can help them relieve some stress. Trying a few of these trips may help you to sleep in.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to sleep in longer, you should plan ahead for the weather. For example, when the weather is going to be hot and muggy, crank up the air conditioner. When your body gets too hot, you will wake up. Just keeping your body cool will help you feel more relaxed so you can get those few extra hours of rest. If the weather forecast calls for a steady rain crack open the windows so the rhythm of the soothing rain drops help you fall into a deeper more relaxed sleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another important part of sleeping in is a dark room. When too much light breaks into the room, you might have trouble falling or staying asleep. Light makes it easier to stay awake, thus making it harder for you to stop thinking. If you have curtains, close them almost all the way. Roll mini-blinds with the blades in the upward direction, because if they are rolled down when the sun comes up, too much light will come in. As the sleeper you want some light in the room, just a lot.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hunger will also prevent you from sleeping in. Near your bed keep a few handy items. I...