Amos 9 :: essays research papers fc

Exegetical Paper Amos 95-10-I will be examining Amos 95-10The message that the author is trying to convey in Amos 95-10 is that YHWH has proven himself to the people to be a trustworthy and loyal God. He helped resurrect Israel, the Philistines and the Arameans. In turn these people, particularly the Israelites, have betrayed his trust by acting sinfully toward the kingdom of Israel. The Lord YHWH will judge those people of Israel who are called to do right plainly who choose to do wrong. The wrongdoers being those that have acted sinfully. Amos, in vision, saw the Lord standing upon the altar at Bethel. God has come for iodine thing and one thing alone, judgment. There is no escaping the Lord now, for wherever he stands, one can be seen. YHWH has an inescapable presence. Those whom he opposes can find no furnish wherever they go, his eyes will follow. Wherever sinners flee from YHWHs justice, it will overtake them. Not only does God have an inescapable presence, he to a fault h as the power to do virtually whatsoeverthing imaginable with the Earth. As mentioned in Amos 95-6 The Lord, the LORD Almighty, he who touches the earth and it melts, and all who live in it mournthe self-coloured land rises like the Nile, then sinks like the river of Egypthe who builds his lofty palace in the nirvanas and sets its foundation on the Earth, who calls for the waters of the sea and pours them out over the face of the landthe LORD is his name. Those whom sin or rebel against God will seek an unwanted response. Whether that unwanted resonse be an earthquake, volcano or any other natural disaster. If one is respectful of YHWH they will be respected back in turn and will someday be brought to enlightenment. Those whom God brings to heaven by his grace, shall never be cast down but those who seek to climb up by vain confidence in themselves, will be cast down and filled with shame and embarrassment. That which makes escape impossible. YHWH will set his eyes upon them for e vil, non for good. If one is honestly sin-free they will someday find heaven but as for those whom have sinned and then turn around and to try and make it up to the Lord, they will never seek his approval therefore not resorting to heaven.

The Zoo Story by Edward Albee Essay -- essays research papers

In a crowded city such as Manhattan, it was no wonder that a globe like Jerry snarl lonely. He was without a friend, a mother and father, and the typical wife, two children, and a dog, that many others had. Jerry was thrown in a world that he felt did not want him, and his human flaw of wanting to escape loneliness led to his tragic death. In Edward Albees play, The Zoo Story, all Jerry wanted was to be heard and understood, and in the end, after sharing his life story with a complete stranger, he got his final wish - death. The Zoo Story not only tells of the alienation of man in modern society, but also reflects the philosophy of twentieth century existentialism.Jerry made a conscious choice of wanting to end his life, while Peter, a man that chose to act as the guinea pig and stayed and listened to Jerrys story, made a conscious choice of picking up same knife that killed Jerry. Although it was Peter who held the knife that killed Jerry, it was Jerry who took the responsibility to - in spite of great effort and pain &8211 wipe the knife handle clean of fingerprints to allow no trace of the murderer. However, although Peter escaped without responsibility, he had to deal with the guilt that it was him who held the mechanism that ended the life of Jerry. Peter had to face the rest of his life being aware of how others lived, and how one can feel so indifferent to the world as yet live in the very same part of the city.&n...

Electric Vehicles: :: Essays Papers

Electric VehiclesPolicy ConcernsElectric vehicles need the help of polity and regulations if they are to be successful. Currently, both state and the federal governments have implemented some(a) policies to help drive electric car technology. An example of this is the tax breaks some receive for owning an alternate fuel vehicle. However, the United States government is also precise involved in the petroleum industry. As a result the price of anoint remains artificially low and the prospect for clean air-alternate fuel vehicles even further down the road. Due to the fact that the oil industry can brook the politicians with more monetary influence, the government is still being slow on making the necessary policy adjustments that depart allow this new technology to start. nonpareil of the most major regulations is in California and is a mandate that ten percent of all new car sales in 2003 must be alternate fueled-zero emissions vehicles. However, as good as this seems it has bee n tried before to no result. The big car manufacturers got together and used their power to overcome this law and non create alternate fueled vehicles in the turnings that were asked by the board. Because of this the year the mandate would take effect has been pushed back over and over again. 2003 was the latest procrastination, and we will see how much happens now. There are in fact other policies that might have an effect. The Clear Air arranges Amendment (CAAA) has setup a list of requirements for original types of vehicles. These are guidelines initially setup in the 1970s by the Environmental Protection Agency. They have since been updated in 1990. They have said that a certain number of municipal fleets must be low-emission vehicles. However, these can still be run usually gas, they just must not pollute too much. The EPA has been working very hard to push vehicles that do not pollute. However, they are mostly interested in vehicles with low emissions instead of zero. Beca use of this the internal combustion engine has been able to reserve up and reduce their emissions enough to remain legal. If the EPA wanted to really make ground they would need to pass policy that will create radical exchange due to a zero emission policy. Another set of policy that was passed by the federal government is known as the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 (AMFA). This is a mandate that the Department of Energy create certain guidelines that consumers can use to accurately compare alternate fueled vehicles to gas powered vehicles.

Federalist Policies :: American America History

Federalist PoliciesAfter the establishment of the constitution, the Federalist administrations faces many an(prenominal) significant challenges when dealing with the sparingal science of the United States oftentimes of the country was divided over issues such as how to raise money, establishing a public credit system, how to move over the national debt, and whether or not a national bank should be established. Leaders like horse parsley Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison came to represent the ideas of the great deal and as these ideas became more solid, meditate and opposition rose. The Federalists saw multiple ways to resolve these issues, and the resolutions established that leadership in the United States would be successful. Raising r sluiceue for the United States was the first economic issue the Federalists faced. This was the first and most important need they saw for the country. At first, James Madison proposed a small value on imports, however, the high bring for money quickly increased the tax. Also, the Tonnage Act of 1789 was passed, taxing American and foreign ships. American ships were not taxed as much as foreign ships, however. The issues of taxation and raising money withal brought into play bigger issues, such as whether the United States should favor Britain or France in their economic policies, whether they should maintain taxation even at the expense of farmers, and whether the interests of northern manufacturers should be their biggest concern. The Tonnage Act was the beginning of increased revenue enhancement in the America, but a sound fiscal field of view was far from having been created. Another issue that was controversial was the establishment of a public credit system and paying the national debt. Alexander Hamilton was the main activist in this issue. He wrote several reports to the House of Representatives offering solutions to the problem. In his first report, he suggested that citizens who had governmen t bonds should be able to turn them in for new, interest-bearing bond. He also thought that the government should make the states pay their debt to the government, which would be about $21 million. The problem with his ideas was that, in financial crisis, many farmers had interchange their bonds at very showtime prices to speculators, and that with this plan, only the speculators would benefit, because they could trade in all of the bonds they bought very cheaply. The citizens argued that the they should be they should be paid back for their losses.Federalist Policies American America HistoryFederalist PoliciesAfter the establishment of the constitution, the Federalist administrations faces many significant challenges when dealing with the economics of the United States much of the country was divided over issues such as how to raise money, establishing a public credit system, how to pay the national debt, and whether or not a national bank should be established. Leaders like A lexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison came to represent the ideas of the people and as these ideas became more solid, debate and opposition rose. The Federalists saw multiple ways to resolve these issues, and the resolutions established that leadership in the United States would be successful. Raising revenue for the United States was the first economic issue the Federalists faced. This was the first and most important need they saw for the country. At first, James Madison proposed a small tax on imports, however, the high demand for money quickly increased the taxation. Also, the Tonnage Act of 1789 was passed, taxing American and foreign ships. American ships were not taxed as much as foreign ships, however. The issues of taxation and raising money also brought into play bigger issues, such as whether the United States should favor Britain or France in their economic policies, whether they should maintain taxation even at the expense of farmers, and whether the in terests of northern manufacturers should be their biggest concern. The Tonnage Act was the beginning of increased revenue in the America, but a sound fiscal discipline was far from having been created. Another issue that was controversial was the establishment of a public credit system and paying the national debt. Alexander Hamilton was the main activist in this issue. He wrote several reports to the House of Representatives offering solutions to the problem. In his first report, he suggested that citizens who had government bonds should be able to turn them in for new, interest-bearing bond. He also thought that the government should make the states pay their debt to the government, which would be about $21 million. The problem with his ideas was that, in financial crisis, many farmers had sold their bonds at very low prices to speculators, and that with this plan, only the speculators would benefit, because they could trade in all of the bonds they bought very cheaply. The citize ns argued that the they should be they should be paid back for their losses.

Carbon Sinks In the Oceans Analysis Essay -- greenhouse gas, carbon dio

Carbon sinks argon found when there is a collection of coulomb dioxide within a reservoir. Both, the terrestrial and aquatic systems, can act as natural carbon sinks, as can the atmosphere, where the collections of carbon dioxide as well as carbon dioxide emissions are high. The efficiency of these sinks has been declining since the 1990s (Canadell et al. 2007). Approximately, 50% of carbon dioxide emissions are collected in the terrestrial and oceanic sinks (Ritschard 1992), which are detrimental to the ecosystem. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been significantly small compared to the anthropogenic emissions when it comes to substantiality (Canadell et al. 2007). This is because the natural carbon sinks of the ocean remove some of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Canadell et al. 2007). Although the exact amount of carbon stored in these sinks cannot be determined due to lack of research, scientists do know that coastal ecosystems (or intertidal zones) are the most intense carbon sinks around (Vierros 2013). It is well known that carbon dioxide is a radioactive gas (Edmonds 1992). Carbon dioxide as well as the other radioactive gases such as ozone and water vapor, (Edmonds 1992) are the gases that become trap in the atmosphere and are commonly referred to as greenhouse gases. There is approximately a 0.4% increase of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere a year (Ritschard 1992).Carbon has been collecting in the oceans for many years. Because of the addition of human activity, much of the carbon dioxide that enters into oceanic and other aquatic systems comes from the terrestrial systems (Oswood et al. 1996). These sources include still are not limited to eroding peat, inorganic carbon, runoff and soil dissolved ... ...O2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity and efficiency of natural sinks. PNAS. V104(47) 18866-188702)Chung, I.K., Beardall, J., Mehta, S., Sahoo, D., and Stojkovic, S. 2011. victimisation marinemacroalgae for carb on sequestration a critical appraisal. J. Applied Phycology V23(5)877-8863)Edmonds, J. 1992. Why understanding the natural sinks and sources of CO2 is importantA policy analysis perspective. Water, gloriole and spot Pollution V6411-214)Orr, J.C., and Sarmiento, J.L. 1992. Potential of Marine Macroalgae as a Sink for CO2 Constraints for a 3-D General Circulation Model of the Global Ocean. Water, Air and Soil Pollution V64405-4215)Oswood, M.W., Irons III, J.G., and Schell, D.M. 1996 Dynamics of Dissolved andParticulate Carbon in an Arctic Stream. Landscape Function and Disturbance in the Arctic Tundra. Ecological Studies. V120275-289

Carbon Sinks In the Oceans Analysis Essay -- greenhouse gas, carbon dio

Carbon sinks be found when there is a collection of carbon dioxide within a reservoir. Both, the terrestrial and aquatic systems, plunder act as natural carbon sinks, as can the atmosphere, where the collections of carbon dioxide as well as carbon dioxide emissions are high. The efficiency of these sinks has been declining since the 1990s (Canadell et al. 2007). Approximately, 50% of carbon dioxide emissions are collected in the terrestrial and oceanic sinks (Ritschard 1992), which are detrimental to the ecosystem. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been significantly small compared to the anthropogenic emissions when it comes to solid (Canadell et al. 2007). This is because the natural carbon sinks of the ocean remove some of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Canadell et al. 2007). Although the exact amount of carbon stored in these sinks cannot be determined due to neglect of research, scientists do know that coastal ecosystems (or intertidal zones) are the most intense car bon sinks around (Vierros 2013). It is well known that carbon dioxide is a radioactive blow (Edmonds 1992). Carbon dioxide as well as the other radioactive gases such as ozone and water vapor, (Edmonds 1992) are the gases that become trapped in the atmosphere and are commonly referred to as greenhouse gases. There is approximately a 0.4% increase of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere a year (Ritschard 1992).Carbon has been salt away in the oceans for many years. Because of the addition of human activity, much of the carbon dioxide that enters into oceanic and other aquatic systems comes from the terrestrial systems (Oswood et al. 1996). These sources include but are not express to eroding peat, inorganic carbon, runoff and soil dissolved ... ...O2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity and efficiency of natural sinks. PNAS. V104(47) 18866-188702)Chung, I.K., Beardall, J., Mehta, S., Sahoo, D., and Stojkovic, S. 2011. Using marinemacroalgae for carbon segrega tion a critical appraisal. J. Applied Phycology V23(5)877-8863)Edmonds, J. 1992. Why understanding the natural sinks and sources of CO2 is importantA policy analysis perspective. Water, Air and Soil Pollution V6411-214)Orr, J.C., and Sarmiento, J.L. 1992. possible of Marine Macroalgae as a Sink for CO2 Constraints for a 3-D General Circulation Model of the Global Ocean. Water, Air and Soil Pollution V64405-4215)Oswood, M.W., Irons III, J.G., and Schell, D.M. 1996 kinetics of Dissolved andParticulate Carbon in an Arctic Stream. Landscape Function and Disturbance in the Arctic Tundra. Ecological Studies. V120275-289

Materials For Torque And Aluminium Engineering Essay

Modern vehicles with constituents made of aluminum can be 24 % lighter than one with steel, which in any event al utters fuel ingestion to be reduced by 2 liters per 100 kilometers. Besides the above mentioned facts, aluminum is besides corroding opposition ( Aluminium draw 2011 ) . Engineering applications are germinating quickly, enabling new constituent designs, for burden bearing and fable systems. Modern stuffs include fibre complexs, proficient ceramics, technology polymers and superior temperature metal metals ( Ashby et al. , 1985 ) . The vehicle interior decorator must be cognizant of these developments and be able to choose the right stuff for a given application, equilibrating belongingss with processing, utilizing a staple fiber apprehension of the structural inter-relationships.Metallic elements and AlloiesMetallic elements are non copiously available, therefore, can merely be employ for specializer applications such as catalytic convertors and unchewable lasti ng magnets. However, metals such as Fe, Cu and aluminum, which are copiously available and can be easy extracted are widely used in both, smooth every bit good as alloy signifier ( Cottrell, 1985 ) .At present, loosely used and cheapest stuffs are Iron-based or ferric metals. Mild or low C steel is adequately strong with output durabilitys changing between 220 and 300 MPa for low burden uses. Further, it is easy to cut, flex, machine and dyers rocket.High output strength is required for drive shafts and gear wheels due to higher tonss. Therefore, medium C, high C or metal steels, ( yield strengths of 400 MPa ) are used for these intents.higher(prenominal) strength and wear opposition are needed for bearing surfaces. For such parts, medium and high C steels, hardened by heat intervention and defunctness ( increases the output strengths to about 1000 MPa ) , are used. Unfortunately, these hardened steels become brickle following this heat intervention, so that a farther mild re-hea ting, called annealing, is required. This reduces the crispness whilst retention most of the strength and hardness.Stainless steel steels are alloys with a assortment of signifiers, viz. , Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic and the newer Duplex steels. A common composing containsChromium 18 % atomic number 28 8 % ( BS 970, 1991 )Their corrosion opposition and creep opposition is superior to kick C steels, peculiarly at high temperatures, nevertheless, higher stuff and fabrication costs limit their usage in vehicle technology to specialist applications such as longer life exhaust systems.Cast chainss have 2 to 4 % C, in contrast to the 1 % or less for other ferric metals mentioned supra. This makes them brittle, with hapless impact belongingss, unless heat-treated to bring forth malleable Fe. Since the higher C content reduces the thaw point, it makes pouring into complex shaped molds much easier, hence, it is more readily project than steel.The C in the signifier of black lead mak es an idol boundary lubricator, so that cylinders and Pistons have good wear features, for usage in Diesel engines. However, it is now mostly replaced by the much lighter aluminum alloys for these applications in gasoline engines.Copper is besides used in vehicle technology. It is more expensive than steel, but is malleable and can be easy shaped. Due to its high galvanic conduction, it is used in wiring and telegraphing systems.Brass is a Cu metal, normally with 35 % Zn, which makes it easier to machine yet stronger than pure Cu. This helps bring forthing complex forms for electrical adjustments. However, such metals suffer from a long term job, known as & A acirc ?dezincification & A acirc , in H2O. Corrosion can be minimized by utilizing the more expensive Cu metal, bronze, where Sn is the debasing component, although this stuff may be harder to machine. Copper-nickel metals have good weirdo opposition at high temperatures where they are besides corrosion resistant. The la tter belongings is made usage of in brake fluid pipe-work.Aluminum and its metals have a major advantage everyplace steels and Cu alloys, as vehicle technology stuffs. As mentioned above, their much lower densenesss lead to take down weight constituents and attendant fuel energy draw close eggs. Whilst aluminum ores are abundant, the extraction of pure aluminum is really energy demanding, being electro-chemical in nature instead than the purely chemical procedure used for steels. Copper occupies an intermediate place on this point. Thus, pure aluminum is more expensive than Fe and Cu and has lower characteristic strength and stiffness. However, it does hold corrosion opposition with good thermal and electrical conduction. A broad scope of metals is now available with assorted heat interventions and fabricating chances. These stuffs have now replaced steels and Cu metals in many vehicle constituent applications, where their higher stuffs costs can be designed out, see Figure 4.1.Ho wever, stuffs developments are such that aluminum metals are themselves in competition with polymers and mingled stuffs for such applications as vehicle body-work, see Figure 4.2.A composite stuff is a combination of two stuffs, with its ain emblematic belongingss. Its strength or other desirable quality is better or really different from either of its constituents working entirely. The chief attractive force of composite stuffs is that they are lighter, stiffer and stronger than most other structural stuffs. They were developed to run into the terrible demands of supersonic flight, infinite geographic expedition and deep H2O applications but are now used in general technology including automotive applications. Composite stuffs imitate nature. Wood is a complex of cellulose and lignin cellulose fibers are strong in tautness but flexible and lignin Acts of the Apostless to cement the fibers together to make a stuff with stiffness. Man-made complexs achieve similar consequences by uniting strong fibers such as C or glass, in a softer matrix such as epoxy or polyester rosin.Considerable monetary value fluctuations in stuffs occur from cartridge clip to clip due to fuel monetary value fluctuations so that the cost values should be considered in comparative footings.The choice of a metal for a design application requires experimental informations. The first phase will find which group of metals should be used, steels, Cu or aluminum ( see Table 4.1 ) . indeed a specific choice will necessitate more elaborate information. Testing of stuffs and constituents will hence be required. Some belongingss are mostly self-sufficing of composing, microstructure and processing. These include denseness, modulus, thermic enlargement and specific heat. However, many belongingss are really dependent on metal composing, microstructure, heat- intervention and mechanical history. These belongingss include output and malleable strength, ductileness, break stamina, weirdo and fat igue strength, so that specific information is required ( Smith, 1993 ) .

Interreligious Dialogue Essay

Dialogue with respect to theological systemal pluralism Statistics show that most of the worlds population is affiliated with some type of religion, with Christianity and Islam encompassing pretty over 50% of the population. Though interreligious dialogue is beneficial in gaining a better gaining of a nonhers religion, is it possible to hold ones religion as universe the absolute truth while engaging in an open interreligious dialogue with another religion?Many spiritual mess entrust tend to be theological exclusivists, because a lot of the religions ar divided and differ in many ways from one another, but they must accept the values and beliefs of other nation if they atomic number 18 to re important truly faithful to the conviction of their traditions. Interreligious dialogue in a broad sense is being in communication with someone of a contrary religion to increase the understanding of ones own religion or tradition as well as others. Since half of the worlds population is either Christian or Muslim, we will take a bet into the differences these religions shares.One of the main issues is developed in Klostermaiers book, In the Paradise of Krishna. It exemplifies some of the differences religions tend to hold, such as the talk aboution between Muslims and Christians on where the role of Jesus stands in Senestant 2 connection to graven painting. Muslims agree that Jesus was an important figure and served a purpose as a great teacher of righteousness, but fail to see his avowedly connection with perfection the Father. They claim that he is however a prophet sent by God but not equal to God.The position Klostermaier takes on Jesus, or male child of Man, is that he is the move workforcet towards God in every being. He is what crowning(prenominal)ly allows for us to have a affinityship with God. The Son of Man however makes use of two basic distinctions My Father on the one side everything else on the other. He doesnt judge people base off o f other peoples judgment or the rules congeal by man, rather he judges people based on their relation to the Father. Klostermaier also wants us to recognize that Christ is not an avatara.There were many people before Jesus time who were sent on this earth to but Gods people from particular calamities that were caused by mankind. Those people were very important because they were chosen by God to do his will. Noahs obedience to Gods command to salvage humanity by building an arc to withstand the flood or Moses standing up to the Pharaoh and allowing his people to be set free are just a few instances of Gods sons who assisted in salvation. Saying Jesus is the Only Son of God is lay a limitation on the abilities of God and not recognizing his exuberant power.It also confuses the Muslim sect because of their belief that God sent many people passim history who were a source of deliverance from any disaster that was occurring at the time. They are referred to as prophets therefore Je sus must also be a prophet and nothing more. Instead, he wants us to look at Christ as the movement to God Senestant 3 that will grant us ultimate salvation. He is the deciding factor that will determine whether we will enjoy eternity in the promise land or feel the wrath of God as we torment in hell.A second main issue in the book is dialoguing on a daily basis with familiar and foreign religions. Before dialoguing with other people, its crucial to have a great understanding on your own religion. Its very important to study and scam what your beliefs are founded upon, although its very time consuming and doesnt aid in spiritual progress. While it is good to study and familiarize yourself with the religion you are currently practicing, it is also beneficial to converse with others ab break with your religion as well.People tend to lonesome(prenominal) see whats on the surface because they are uneducated and misguided on certain areas and fail in attempting to delve deeper to fin d the veritable meaning of things. As you enter into dialogue with someone of an opposing religion, you must be very open-minded and unbiased to allow each other to learn things that arent obvious at first glance. It allows for a variant perspective of who you think you are and helps you identify if youre living and acting according to your beliefs. Its also important to have inner dialogue with yourself.Meditating and reflecting on the impact our religion have in our lives and in our hearts. Is the essence of Hinduism and Christianity or any other religion we profess just words coming out of our mouths or does it directly impact our lives and allows us to live in peace and unity? These are the questions we must intercommunicate ourselves in helping to determine if were living in fallacy and wasting our time, or if were in accordance to Senestant 4 our beliefs. A starving old Brahmin talked about cardinal kinds of people praying some pray that God should preserve their wealth, others that God should give them wealth.Those who asked for heavens were better but those who neither had nor wanted riches and did not ask for heaven, but only wished to serve God for his own sake, they were the best. (Klostermaier 95) Those people who only wished to serve God know of his magnificence and splendor and being connected to that will enhance their spirituality and respect for man and not traditions. This allows anyone from any religion to get down like brothers and sisters. If we insisted on our theologies you as a Christian, I as a Hindu we should be fighting each other.We have found one another because we probed more deeply, towards spirituality. (Klostermaier 99) A third issue in the book is the creative thinker of three individuals in one God. Many established religions view God as being absolute and indescribable because of how minute we are compared to God. Other religions are able to grasp the physical nature of God and give him attributes and qualities whi ch can only be possible if this God was visible. However, Christians hold the position that God is both(prenominal) of these things and can go between each form when necessary. This is seen by God revealing himself through his son Jesus Christ.Through him were able to become attached and have understanding of where our beliefs lie. When other religions look at Christianity, they view it as a religion without any real philosophy and that it has taken its teachings from all over and justifies them by claiming to possess the only accredited revelation, to Senestant 5 dispense the only salvation (Klostermaier 29). Therefore they see it as being immature when relating to religion. They even go as far as saying theyre uneducated on their religion therefore they cant hold intelligent conversations and go in depth on the various issues that involve religion.I found this to be very true because as a Christian myself, I attempted to discuss religion with one of my atheist friends. After a few minutes went by, I realized I didnt know as a lot as I thought. It led me to examining what I believed in and why. Towards the end of the conversation, I grew more respect for people who werent adapted to a particular religion and silent theres a lot that can be learned from them. It showed me the unimportance of the different sects of religion and only claiming to a religion without close trial run of it will lead to immaturity and idiocy.As a Sikh professor in Klostermaiers book says, Religion cannot be proved by logic religion is inner experience. (Klostermaier 31) This inner experience is affirmed through meditation as well as the various acts of people around you whom you have no association with. When looking at theological exclusivism versus pluralism, it is confusing as to whether they are relevant in deciding whether to converse with people of different religions. Looking only at theological exclusivism, it is the theological position that holds to the finality of t he Christian faith in Christ.The finality of Christ means that there is no salvation right(prenominal) the Christian faith. By definition, exclusivism seems to be self-contradictory. It contains the fact that Senestant 6 human beings are limited in the amount of knowledge they have and are unable to understand the infinite(God) to its fullness. However, followers of this concept are not restricted in believing that they are the only people that have the ability to be connected to God. They look at people of other religions as being infidels, not actually having a religious belief.They also claim to be the ones most devoted to God, when in all actuality they are just followers of religious doctrine, created by man. Though the Bible was created by man, it was said to be created through spiritual guidance of the to the highest degree High. Every religious person who looks at the Bible sees it as being full of truth, which by nature is exclusivist. So everyone who follows the rules an d guidelines the Bible have set in place is partially exclusivist. Since the Bible is considered as be exclusivist, it is only right to dwell on some of teachings it talks about.It talks about a God, who is full of mercy and compassion, one who loves all of his children and continues to love them through all the sins they have committed and continue to commit. It is a God that loved us so much that, he gave his one and only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. (Stoughton 897) A God of this nature does not ripe like a God that will only come to save those who believe in Christ. Although that was his only begotten son, they are many people who do not have the opportunity to believe in such a religion. This can be caused by the way the person was rought up, or where the person was brought up, in which case Christianity was not the religion of choice. They are also instances of when someone dies prematurely and does not Senestant 7 have th e opportunity to have a true relationship with Christ Jesus. These people shouldnt be and are not exempt from the sanctifying grace of God. This is a God who created all of mankind in his image and likeness, so that everyone will have the ability to be saved. God must be seen at the center of religions / The pluralistic contention is that all religions are basically the identical though superficially different. (Hick 42) The pluralist believes that the world religions are true and equally valid in their communication of the truth about God, the world, and salvation. This is also backed by the Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions, which says that other religions possess validity and truth in their own right / These religions are understood as different cultural reflections or expressions of the same divine reality and as such constitute legitimate ways to God (Larousse 437). This seems to make the most logical sense because we are not sole-bearers of the truth.We were only created to praise and give worship to the Almighty. Since this is true, we will all have our own understanding and interpretations about who God is, what our place is in this world and why we were created, and the travel in receiving salvation. At the core of our beliefs we hold the same truths, but slightly differ in minor details. Some examples are the day in which we should go after mass or how often we should pray. Yes these things are important and are what gives meaning to our life, but God only requires us to recognize who he is and the impact he has in our lives. By whatsoever way men worship Me, even so do I accept them for, in all ways, O Partha, men walk in My path. Senestant 8 (Bhagavad-Gita 4. 11) God is evident in all religions that have him in its center. As long as his followers stay true to the doctrine their religion provides, God will have favor on them. Many of the religions out there share these commonalities so they should be treated with par when evaluatin g their doctrine with respect to God. In the sense of interreligious dialogue, the idea of being a theological exclusivist is irrelevant.It does not bring anything meaningful to the table when people of two different religions come together. Rather it would just be hurtful banter between the opposing religions and nothing worthwhile will be accomplished. Since by definition, an exclusivist can only view their religion and belief as being the only one which holds the absolute truth, to deviate from this by indulging in conversations that can potential misrepresent that belief is dangerous and when placed in a position like that, mockery will be imminent. The only way the strengthen interreligious dialogue is through a pluralist outlook.They both go hand in hand, in that a pluralist will be very open to dialogue. This will increase their knowledge of not only the other persons religion but also ones own, since they both stem from the same root. Senestant 9 Works Cited 1)Goring, Rosem ary, plain-spoken Whaling, John Marshall, and David Brogan. Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions. Edinburgh Larousse, 1994. Print. 2)Lopresti, Matthew. INTER-RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM A Philosophical Critique of Pope Benedict XVI and the Fall of Religious Absolutism (Matthew LoPresti) Academia. edu. Hawaii peaceable University Academia. du. Hawaii Pacific University. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . 3)Marbaniang, Domenic. Theology Of Religions Pluralism, Inclusivism, Exclusivism Earthpages. org. Earthpages. org. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . 4)Bhagavadgita. Lewiston, N. Y. u. a. Edwin Mellen Pr. , 2010. Print. 5)Klostermaier, Klaus, and Antonia Fonseca. In the Paradise of Krishna Hindu and Christian Seekers. Philadelphia Westminster, 1969. Print. 6)Hick, John. God and the Universe of Faiths Essays in the Philosophy of Religion. Basingstoke Macmillan, 1988. Print. 7)NIV Bible. London Hodder & Stoughton, 1997. Print.

From Strategy to Business Essay

Strategy scholars turn in used the notion of the Business sham to refer to the logic of the firm e how it operates and creates time time tax for its stakeholders. On the surface, this notion appears to be similar to that of strategy. We present a conceptual frame fiddle to separate and tinct the concepts of strategy and commerce deterrent example a line of descent model, we argue, is a reflection of the firms realized strategy. We find that in simple competitive situations on that point is a i-to-one mapping between strategy and commerce model, which makes it difficult to separate the two notions. We show that the concepts of strategy and business model differ when there are important contingencies on which a well-designed strategy must be based. Our framework also delivers a clear distinction between strategy and tactics, make possible because strategy and business model are different constructs. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.IntroductionThe eld of strategy h as evolved substantially in the past twenty-ve years. Firms have well-educated to analyze their competitive environment, dene their position, develop competitive and corporate advantages, and understand better how to sustain advantage in the face of competitive challenges and threats. Different approaches including industrial organization theory, the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities and game theory have helped academicians and practitioners understand the dynamics of competition and develop recommendations about how rms should dene their competitive and corporate strategies. But drivers a lot(prenominal) as globalization, deregulation and technological change (to mention only a few) are profoundly changing the competitive game.Scholars and practitioners agree that the fastest growing rms in this new environment appear to be those that have taken advantage ofthese structural changes to innovate in their business models so they can compete other than. IBMs Global CEO Stu dies for 2006 and 2008, for example, show that top management in a broad range of industries are actively seeking guidance on how to innovate in their business models to improve their ability to both create and capture determine.1 In addition to the business model innovation drivers noted above, much recent interest has come from two other environmental shifts. Advances in ICT have been a major force behind the recent 0024-6301/$ see former matter.interest in business model innovation. Many e-businesses are based on new business models e Shafer, Smith and Linder nd that eight of the twelve recent business model denitions they present plug into to e-business.2 New strategies for the bottom of the pyramid in emerging markets have also steered researchers and practitioners towards the systematic study of business models. Academicians working in this area agree that rms need to develop novel business models to be effective in such specic and challenging environments (see work by Tho mpson and MacMillan, as well as by Yunus et al. in this issue), and socially motivated enterprises constitute a second important source of recent business model innovations.Advances in ICT and the demands of socially motivated enterprises constitute important sources of recent business model innovations. While it has become uncontroversial to argue that managers must have a good understanding of how business models work if their organizations are to thrive, the academic community has only offered early insights on the issue to date, and there is (as yet) no reason as to the distinctive features of superior business models. We believe this is partly because of a lack of a clear distinction between the notions of strategy, business models and tactics, and the purpose of this bind is to contribute to this literature by presenting an integrative framework to distinguish and relate these three concepts. Put succinctly Business Model refers to the logic of the rm, the charge it operate s and how it creates value for its stakeholders and Strategy refers to the choice of business model through which the rm will compete in the marketplace while Tactics refers to the residual choices open to a rm by virtue of the business model it chooses to employ.To integrate these three concepts, we introduce a generic two-stage competitive transit framework, as depicted in Figure 1. In the rst stage, rms choose a logic of value creation and value capture (i.e., choose their business model), and in the second, make tactical choices guided by their goals (which, in most cases, entail some form of stakeholder value maximization). Figure 1 thus presents our organizing framework the object of strategy is the choice of business model, and the business model employed determines the tactics acquirable to the rm to compete against, or cooperate with, other rms in the marketplace.The article is organized as follows. In the next section we dene and discuss the notion of business models and present a tool to represent them, while the following section considers the stage two choice in our framework, presenting and discussing the notion of tactics in relation to that of business model. The following section then moves back to examine the rst e strategy e stage, after which we revisit our process framework to integrate the three notions. We discuss the connection between strategy and business model, debate that both notions can be clearly separated. A tiny example is developed in the following stage, followed by some concluding remarks.Business modelsAlthough the expression business model has gained in prominence only in the last decade, the term has been part of the business jargon for a long time, its origins going back to the writings of Peter Drucker. Although (as Markides points out) there is no widely trustworthy denition, Magretta denes business models as stories that explain how enterprises work, and follows Drucker in dening a good business model as the one t hat provides answers to the following questions Who is the customer and what does the costumer value? and What is the underlying economic logic that explains how we can deliver value to customers at an appropriate cost? While not formal, her implicit idea is that a business model is about how an organization earns money by addressing these two fundamental issues e how it identies and creates value for customers, and how it captures some of this value as its prot in the process.Amit and Zotts denition, in contrast, is less broad (as it focuses on e-businesses) but to a greater extent precise. Reviewing the contributions of several theories including virtual markets, Schumpeterian innovation, value chain analysis, the resource-based view of the rm, dynamic capabilities, consummation cost economics and strategic networks they point out that each contributes elements to the notion, but that none, by itself, explains business models completely. They analyze a sample of U.S. and Europea n e-business models to highlight the drivers of value creation, and present the following integrative denition A business model depicts the content, structure, and governance of transactions designed so as to create value through the victimisation of business opportunities.The content of a transaction refers to the goods or information exchanged, as well as to resources and capabilities required the structure refers to the parties that participate, their links, and the way they choose to operate, and governance refers to the way ows of information, resources and goods are controlled by the relevant parties, the legal form of organization, and the incentives to the participants.5 In this issue, they build on this denition to propose an activity system perspective for the design of business models, arguing that activity systems capture the essence of business models and proposing two sets of aspects for designers to consider design elements (content, structure and governance) that de scribe the activity systems architecture, and design themes (novelty, lock-in, complementarities, and efciency) that describe its sources of value creation. The common thread across all of these approximations to the notion of business model is well captured by BadenFuller, MacMillan, Demil and Lecocq in their denition the logic of the rm, the way it operates and how it creates value for its stakeholders, and we adopt their denition as the starting point for our argument.To make progress toward understanding business models, we nd it helpful to use the analogy of a machine e by which we stand for a mechanical device that transmits energy to perform tasks. (Of course, real organizations are different from machines in many important respects, but the comparison is helpful, especially to our sentiment in contrasting the notions of strategy and business models.) Any given machine has a particular logic of carrying out (the way the different components are assembled and relate to one another), and operates in a particular way to create value for its user. To be more concrete, different automobile designs have different specic logics of operation conventional engines operate quite differently from hybrids, andstandard transmissions from automatics and create different value for their stakeholders, the drivers.Some may prefer a small car that allows them to fly congested city streets easily, while others may prefer a large SUV with a powerful engine to enjoy the countryside to the fullest. Automobiles are made of parts wheels, engines, seats, electronics, windshields, and the like. To assess how well a particular automobile works or to create a new one one must consider its components and how they relate to one another, just as, to better understand business models, one needs to understand their component parts and their relationships. (We return to this analogy during the paper readers will gain more value from it if they understand the design and building of the car as representing strategy the car itself as the business model and the driving of the car as the available set of tactics.)

1920’s the KKK Essay

The 1920s marked a period of great racial tension through show up American Society, with the period often regarded as a melting pot due to such strains and tensions. The immigration of new, non-protestant immigrants such as Catholics and Jews since the turn of the century had brought near large scale unease due to the sheer number of immigrants. Combined with Mexicans, Orientals as well as a rapidly growing black population, these minority groups were to suffer at the hands of those concerned with the values of White, Anglo-Saxon Protestants, with these values playing a fundamental role in the American way of life.Arguably, the Ku Klux Klan was form concerning a culmination of such values, allowing for the tolerance of racist views within the media, literature alongside within formal organisations. Its popularity and regularize stemmed from its appeal, which was broadened from blacks to incorporate the views of those who disliked immigrants, catholics, jews, bootleggers etcetera Ultimately the KKKs increase in popularity in the early 1920s resulted in its regularize.It can be argued that the KKK possessed both sizable jut and probative forge due to its popular revival subsequent to WW1, with this having a illustrious popular impact well into the 1920s. The growing spirit of intolerance which spread crossways much of America became apparent due to the wartime revival of the the Ku Klux Klan. The organisation was remodeled and reorganised with new techniques used by both Edgar Clark and Elizabeth Taylor in order to sell the Klan to America. A key reason for its rise in popularity came as a result of D.W Griffiths film The Birth of A Nation of 1915, due to the circumstance that it idolised and highlighted preceding(prenominal) american values, and although those portrayed in the film were outdated, many americans were reminded of a better america.This ultimately increased hatred towards blacks and black american due to an alteration in attitudes, with t his film resulting in the view that the American way of life was little terrorened, with this blame placed upon Negroes, Catholics, Atheists, Bootleggers, Jews and immigrants as a whole. Ultimately, Griffiths film provided a form of ammunition towards those who were non white, anglo-saxon protestants, olibanum allowing for the ideology of the KKK to become more populous and apparent throughout much of American Society. The group emphasised the notion of 100% Americanism, therefore appeal to those who classed themselves as protestant fundamentalists as well as those who believed the traditional moral values reflected in Griffiths film were a key element of American society due to the overwhelming feeling of invasion and being inundated, stimulating a desire to restore the America they knew and loved.Furthermore, it can be argued that the roots of the Klan were stupid in the small towns and communities of the gray states of the Confederacy, thus proving a popular substitute ba se through states such as Tennessee and Alabama. The ideology of the party appealed to those who has gone against the abolition of slavery and the libration of blacks, which a rise from a sense apparent within rural protestant america in order to act on the defensive before an inflow of new immigrants was allowed into the country. This ideology, combined with the war, fed the growth of support for the Klan. The war engendered a form of nationalism, sparking hatred towards those to were not seen as true Americans.This appeal, and popularity was highlighted by the Klans popularity in 1921, which affect the development of a structure for the Klan due to the rapid growth in the number of members joining. The movement had 100,000 members, which were each pare of a Klavern, or branch, of the Klan. Furthermore, due to the fact that the KKKs appeal was mainly sited in the Southern states, where the majority of black people lived, and the powerful idea of white supremacy went unquestioned, attempts were made to broaden the Klans appeal to the western and northern states, where Catholics and Jews became the targets.Throughout the 1920s the Klans membership saw an increase, estimates at the time ranged from 3-5 million and profits rolled in from the cut-rate sale these memberships, regalia, costumes and rituals. The Ku Klux Klan used intimidation, threats, beating and pull down murder in their quest for a purified America, thus appealing to many Americans due to their proactive approach, which had not been mirror by that of the republican governance during the period. An example of such influence is the alleged election of governors in Maine, Colorado and Louisiana who had KKK support.Additionally, the Klan arguably aimed to defend the American way, reflecting solicitude amongst many Americans who feared the emergence of more radical, especially socialist ideas, which had spread from Eastern Europe due to the influx of immigrants during the early 20th Century. The R ed Scare is a key proponent of this fear, thus providing the perfect breeding ground for bigotry. Many Americans had either witnessed, or heard of the Bolshevik Russia, which was ultimate seen as a threat to the capitalist society america has formed upon. In 1919 there were 3,600 strikes involving over 400,000 workers, possibly highlighting a feeling of tension and fear amongst a sizable proportion of the population.Ultimately, this scare has proved that the KKK was a defender of such ideology, considerably suggesting that the Klan prospered in areas along sides small communities which had been formed by early pioneers where fears regarding different social groups, religions, political ideas and cultural taste were ever apparent. Due to certain areas regarding these fears, those of farmers, artisans and shopkeepers of small-town america were also addressed, consequently resulting in an increase in popularity leading to the KKK having roughly 5 million members by 1925. Furthermore, membership was not simply restricted to the poor, downtrodden American population who felt marginalised, but also increasingly involved middle classes citizens.every bit it was not exclusively a rural, southern organisation, due to the fact that there were forceful increased in membership from north and central states such as Ohio, Illinois and Indiana. In many locations the local police seemed Klan-dominated, with judges also not remaining to seem impartial. Arguably therefore this suggests that the post-war revival of the Klan led to a drastic increase in the number of members, thus gaining support and influence as an increase in the number of members an organisation has ultimately leads to a greater support base within a population, thus representing a larger number of the population making it more influential as a consequence.Moreover, the influence of the KKK go along to grow throughout the early 1920s as the the Federal Government did little to alleviate poverty and socio-e conomic disadvantage amongst the rural population, instead focusing following and funds on urban locations such as New York where a considerable number of immigrants and blacks were focused. Although there were rare instances where President Warren Harding spoke out against racial segregation, for example in Birmingham, Alabama, many have argued that he did so primarily to win the electoral support of northern blacks. One historian even claimed that Harding had been inducted into the Ku Klux Klan in the White House during his presidency. Moreover the various administrations throughout the mid-twenties seemed to condone racial discrimination.A half-hearted attempt to introduce an anti-lynching law in 1921 was defeated, with Southern Senators using a range of tactics to prevent the legislation from being passed. Despite acknowledging the issue of lynching in his first address to Congress in 1923, Coolidge subsequently did not act on the problem. Moreover, on the 18th August 1925 the Ku Klux Klan was able to stage a 40,000 man parade down Pennsylvania pass in Washington D.C with no intervention from state officials. Furthermore, the segregated facilities in government buildings introduced in the first decade of the century remained unchanged. The fact that the American government during the twenties was seen to be continually ignoring and avoiding issues related to ethnic minorities did not help to improve the hostile attitudes of its people, thus allowing for the KKK to gain a larger support base from which it could increase its influence.However, the influence of the KKK varied geographically to a considerable degree. In its peak year of 1925 around 40% of its members were based in three states Ohio, Illinois and Indiana. Furthermore, other 25% were comprise in the old south. Conversely in states along the pacific coast such as New England (except Maine), the KKK was relatively irrelevant. Although its point of superlative popular political influence was at the 1924 Democratic Convention, highlighting its influence at the very top, the representatives of the KKK in the form of Senators and Congressmen simply represented a goop in the Deep South.Therefore, it can be argued that the KKK did not achieve notable influence on a national level. Instead, it was simply one among many pull groups supporting prohibition and restriction upon immigration. Furthermore, although those groups discriminated against were classed as ethnic minorities as a whole they represented a considerable proportion of the population. Surely, the KKK could not have notable influence if a large proportion of the US population did not agree with its ideology, and were instead being attacked and victimised? The racial discrimination towards ethnic minorities during the twenties highlighted the lack of popularity amongst many regarding the KKK. Blacks, Mexicans, and the recent immigrants clustered as the bottom of the wage scale. All were usually the last hired and the first fired and performed menially jobs. Mexicans were active as cheap labour on Californian farms.Wherever the minorities worked the native Americans saw them as a threat to their livelihood, as they normally accepted jobs that the whites did not want. Despite emancipation from slavery after the Civil War, the former slaves remained at the bottom of the social scale in the southern states, where the majority of blacks lived. Many were miss economic independence, since they largely worked in white-owned land. Many poverty stricken Blacks migrated from the south to the north during the twenties, to fill the demand for unskilled labour in the North. Although this spread roughly KKK ideology Northwards the popularity of the KKK remained relatively low due to higher levels of assimilation within the North. Therefore it can be argued that although in many areas of the USA popularity for the KKK rose during the early 1920s, its popularity was limited to various geographical areas. Furthermore, even though popularity for the organisation increased, this did not necessarily lead to an increase in influence. Yes, in some states KKK members found their way into the legal system, or in states such as Indiana some became Senators and Congressmen. However, the sharp total from popularity of the organisation suggests a lack of overwhelming support and belief within the party. The fall of David Stephenson, the gGrand Dragon of Indiana Klans and Governor of the state, highlighted a lack of true ideals amongst leaders of the KKK. Surely if an organisation was to succeed and gain influence those at the top of its hierarchy needed to support all beliefs? Stephenson was convicted of rape of a 28 year old secretary on an overnight train, thus going against protestant concepts.Ultimately this showed numerous characteristics far removed from ideals publicly espoused This, combined with financial scandals within other Klans has led to a sharp fall in membership by 1930, to a figure of roughly 200,000. This meant that the Klan were no longer a player on the national state, losing all significant influence and support. However, despite this sharp decline in popularity in 1929/1930, the support and more importantly the tolerance that many American people showed for the Ku Klux Klan during the twenties serves as evince to show that attitudes towards ethnic minorities had been very much altered, thus allowing for the Klan to capitalise on this widespread ideology in order to gain some support an influence in a handful of states, which were typically confederate.

AP U.S History Essay

When one reviews the Statesn History from 1785-1850, it can be concluded that, Americans never learned to add without as well as dividing. This is referring to Americas inability to pay back more than place down without also having the take down divided into sections, whether it be north and south or east and west. For example when the lah Purchase was made, yes it added more land to the U.S, but it also made it so there was another territory that was different than the rest of America. The bit Compromise can be an example as well, when they applied to become a state, it was being considered however James Tallmadge Jr. introduced an amendment that created a rift being those who were pro slavery and against it. When you look at American history in the midst of 1785-1850, it can be said that America can never add without dividing this statement is correct in saying that and it can be backed up with the effects of the Louisiana Purchase and the Missouri Compromise, which include d divisions of the ideas and people, as examples.You can use the Louisiana Purchase to support the argument because, when it was made, although it added more land to the U.S, it also made it so there was another territory that was different than the rest of America as an after effect. When this purchase was finalized it meant more land for the Americas but unfortunately more division within America. Most cities involved in this purchase, like New Orleans can be used as example. In New Orleans, the population was mostly French or Spanish speakers but the rest of the country spoke English. It was also a Catholic metropolis that was engulfed in a country of Protestants, and even promotemore, the ideas of these people about things like race and sexuality differed than those of the rest of the countries.All of these are examples of how cities involved in the Louisiana Purchase differed from the rest of America and supports that even though it was extra land for America it was also divid ed by the differences it had with America that kept it separate from America. The Missouri Compromise can be used as an example because when it was made, an amendment was also introduced which required slaves to be freed and not added. This amendment caused an uproar within the southern representatives and senators who werepro slavery. Which further divided the ideas of slavery, whether it be for or against it. Like the Louisiana Purchase, the Missouri Compromise also shows how America can never add without dividing, because, when Missouri was gained as a state it was also introduced that slavery not be permitted there. This divided those who were in favor of it and those who were against it. Which is an example of America always adding but also dividing.When one reviews American History from 1785-1850, it can be concluded that, Americans never learned to add without also dividing. This is referring to Americas inability to have more land without also having the land divided into se ctions, whether it be north and south or east and west or pro and against. When you look at American history between 1785-1850, it can be said that America can never add without dividing this statement is correct in saying that and it can be backed up with the effects of the Louisiana Purchase and the Missouri Compromise, which included divisions of the ideas and people, as examples. When the Louisiana Purchase is an example that supports this because land was acquired but divisions was made between them and the rest of America keeping it from being on country under one idea. The Missouri Compromise can be an example as well because when acquired as a state, Tallmadge Jr. introduced an amendment that created a rift being those who were pro slavery and against it.

Ssm is a qualitative methodology

IntroductionSoft Systems MethodologyDefinitionSoft systems methodological analysis ( SSM ) is a general attack for pass overing with real-world tune claim of affairss. Peter Checkland and his co- serveers developed soft systems methodological analysis from system theory at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom. SSM is a qualitative methodological analysis and was developed utilizing legal action research so that it is in any case treated as a hypothetic methodological analysis.The bosom of SSM is a comparing between the universe as it is, and some suppositious accounts of the universe as it might be.Out of this comparing originate a better apprehension of the universe ( research ) , and some thoughts for betterment ( action ) . ( See Figure 1 )Use of SSMInitially, the systems keister be divided into two facets proficient and human activity systems. However, human activity systems ar much harder to pattern. The people s place, people s action and their relationship are involved. Therefore, it is more complex and mutable. Soft Systems Methodology places an accent on human activity systems.Furthermore, SSM is peculiarly used at the analysis anatomy of developing information systems. It is non a methodological analysis to cover all phases of the systems development life rhythm ( SDLC ) . However, SSM is extraordinary good at elaborating semipolitical and soft, people-oriented issues. Furthermore, it refers to vocation state of affairs instead than jobs.lAny composite, organisational, ill-structured, fuzzed, soft, and dynamic job state of affairsThe 7-Step Description1 The job state of affairs unstructuredThe purpose of first measure is to understand the job state of affairs and addition as many different positions as possible.2The job state of affairs expressedThen is this phase, the research worker produces a elaborate presentation, a rich picture , of the state of affairs. Rich pictures show stakeholders, their duty, cardinal interactions, strug gles, political issues and concerns. This measure is frequently done graphically.3Root definitions of relevant systemsAfter that, the settle down definitions of relevant systems are identified. Root definitions are intended to depict both political and personal premises.The bag definition is frequently produced by CATWOE checklist in set to do certain all of import headings are included.Client ( people who affected by the system )Actor ( people who convert inputs to end products )Transformation ( the alterations that take topographic point )Weltanschauung ( the relevant universe position or premises )Owner ( people who has the power )Environment ( the wider system or restraints )4Building conceptual theoretical accountsThis measure is to pull conceptual theoretical accounts utilizing the root definition. A conceptual theoretical account exhibits the activities of the systems that represented in the root definition.5Comparing conceptual theoretical accounts with worldCompare and contrast the conceptual theoretical account with the rich image is considered in this measure. The purpose of is to look into the apprehension is right and whether the conceptual theoretical account can dress the job struggles.6Assess whether the alterations are executable and desirableAfter comparing, suggested alterations are identified and evaluated.Those alterations can probably to change in desirableness and feasiblenessDesirability Does it better technically?workable Does it suit the civilization?7Action to better the job state of affairsThe recommendation will set into pattern.Analysis the CaseBackgroundBirths, deceases and matrimonies ( BDM ) in Salford Council has a long history. BDM office provides services such as registry a birth, decease or matrimony certifications, and aid with following household braid. As the services are more and more popular, the Salford Online inventory and Retrieval system ( SOLAR ) is introduced.Current Existing ProblemBDM staff reported troub le in covering with the clients during peek times.Long waiting lines developed at the response desk and the otherwise service centres during popular times.Conflicts between the clients and staff happened.The contrasting demands of two different clients groups are hard to manage at the same time.Reasons why SSM is AppropriateThere are basketball team major grounds why SSM is appropriate.First of wholly, the jobs of BDM office are decidedly organisational, ill-structured jobs. Soft Systems Methodology focuses on the human activities systems. And it is good at clear uping political and soft, people-oriented issues.After that, there are many different positions of the systems their demand in BDM state of affairss. SSM is besides such a methodological analysis that can cover with complex organisational and political job state of affairss where those involved lack a common understanding good.Additionally, the assorted facets of the jobs are extremely interrelated in the state of affairs of BDM. So if alteration one facet is likely to hold a enormous impact on other facets. As a systemic methodological analysis, SSM is helpful to develop such a moderately holistically understanding of the correlativities of the assorted facets of the job state of affairs.Furthermore, the intent of SSM is to transport out betterments in a state of affairs perceived as debatable. Meanwhile, SSM does non try to work out the job but to ease a acquisition procedure which allows its users to bit by bit develop a more comprehensive apprehension of the state of affairs under survey. As a consequence, stakeholders are more likely to prevail understandings about what alterations in the state of affairs the involved parties can populate with.Finally, SSM uses a set of specific techniques and strict tools to see a messy job.Techniques contains natural covering of SSMPhase 1 and 2In order to develop rich image of this instance, it is critical to derive as many different positions as possible .The stakeholders consist of clients, BDM Office staff, directors of the BDM Office, the possible spouses and the advisers of Salford city council.Client We want to bask quality service and support.BDM Office staff We were enthusiastic about the proviso of the call Centre services because it could liberate up the medical specialist resources, cut downing force per unit area and assisting to cut down the waiting clip for clients.Directors We concerned on the current bing jobs and we can merely work out these jobs every bit shortly as possible.Potential spouses We are interested in the proposals made by advisers which can do the populace services to be organized.Advisers We concerned on more incorporate attack for future service development which can do the public service organized.Phase 3After set uping rich image, root definitions of two relevant systems in phase 3 should be considered. The well-known CATWOE checklist will be used to place cardinal elements of the root definition. Phase 4Once the root definitions extradite been established, conceptual theoretical accounts that describe the activities should be conducted at phase 4. Therefore, the root definition of clients will be used to develop the conceptual theoretical account.Phase 5

Postmodern Philosophy Essay

Postmodern philosophy is a means through which peoples ways of reasoning are evaluated and analyzed. It seeks to explain why everyone has a different opinion towards things that they come across or face in life. A accredited post modern belief is that a correct description of reality is impossible and in order to enable new(prenominal)s to understand the way you perceive or prefer certain things, you need to interpret them.Post modern philosophy can be reflected in the way we live our lives and at our places of work. An example in my own life is the way I would convince people about how something is good so that even if they are not vexed, eventually they would give in and in the end I w will be happy. And according to (Weis, 2003 P. 161) this is Persuasion through self interest which is created by developing a sureness since I have the best interests of the other person at heart.I may tell a friend that we should take a certain physical body during that semester because I know he/she is focused and would make a good study partner even though that class does not really interest him/her. This does not mean I do not want him/her to focus on what interests them I know we will be helping each other out and maybe next time they will be the ones convincing me.In an organization, it can be seen when a company wants to become a mend competitor as said by (Kotter,1996) that in order to be successful now and in the future, we need to empower others to act and create wins trance consolidating gains. In order to promote team work at the office, a company may decide that in its engagement in social bodily responsibilities it will take its staff to work at the remote parts of the country where the is a school for the orphans and they will have to forego things equivalent internet, family time and nice joints to hung out.In such a situation, the workmates will have to work together to help the children, listen to different opinions all this to enhance their bonding which is vital in their work This is what (Ritti & Levy, 2002) call creating positive outcomes through negative reinforcement. References Kotter J. P. (1996). Leading Change. Published by Harvard Business Press Ritti R. R. & Levy. S. (2002)The Ropes to Skip and the Ropes to Know Studies in Organizational Behavior. Published by Wiley Weiss. A. (2003) Organizational Consulting How to be an Effective Internal Change Agent. John Wiley and Sons

A Generation Set Aside

Often we hear of the extension gap that huge expanse between pargonnt and child. Perhaps it is an acquaintance gap. Young state and adults do not know each other. The softness to communicate often enters the picture. Some dates it is beca recitation neither knows what the other is interested in. They live under the same roof, simply they rarely see one another, especially after the teenage years sire along. The father goes polish tally to work before the children are awake. Mother may go back to bed after seeing the husband off to work or off to her own job.Teenagers get themselves up and off to indoctrinate without seeing either parent. Then after rail there is ball practice, band practice, or something else that consumes their time maybe a job that lasts until bedtime. Parents turn in things that tie them up in the evenings so the days come and go, and there is precious secondary time spent together. A meal together is even a rare occasion. All of these activities may be squaresome and proper, scarcely still the family suffers because there is so little time spent together.This causes more children to desex too many decisions on their own, and so often they pull up stakes confide important and crucial matters out of their thoughts and plans. This generation often gets labelled by the media and the overageder people in society as the modernsters who are tearing this country apart. The fact of the matter is that we are a product of our parents mistakes and re primary(prenominal) to be misunderstood. In the past several years we have seen much media attention focused on the generation that followed the boomers, popularly known as multiplication X. born(p) between the mid-1960s and early 1980s, this is the more or less complex of the generation, and by far the least understood in arouse of its current celebrity. This generation can best be described as the be amiss Generation. They are the generation that dealt with and are still dealin g with broken homes, drug addiction, AIDS, and bleak futures. A great deal of the young people in this Misunderstood Generation think very little about the future or present issues. This generation has lost sight of long terms goals and the idea that hard work pays off in the end.Instead, the people in this generation concern themselves only with what will bring immediate gladness and gratification. This part of society cares only about money and themselves, never thinking about the consequences of their actions. The Misunderstood Generation feels overwhelmed with the idea of a country with a multi- trillion dollar deficit, a high rate of poverty, and relatively no jobs. The Misunderstood Generation wants less out of life. This generation has evolved from the children that came home from school to an empty can because mom had to go back to work after the divorce.This is the generation that got its morals from watching T. V. after school and was parented by an older brother or sis ter. This is the generation that has unconventional ways and does not eer reason for them. They are uncertain and take up answers. They poke and prod to find what is lying ahead. They have loud voices but are seldom heard. This is the generation which has high expectations and are often disappointed. I, as well as all of the others born in my generation, were unleashed into an ever changing humans.The advances of today can easily be old news tomorrow. Along with this they, the people who have lived and controlled up until this day, have allowed the respect of the living to dwindle with the systematically increasing ease of everyday life. Transportation from one point to another can be the simplest of tasks. conversation with someone in any far off land can be reached with honorable the arrest of a button. And access to almost all the information the world has to offer is free for all with the use of the Internet.No other group of people have grown up with these things as bei ng such(prenominal)(prenominal) the standards and necessities of life and living that they are today. We have never had a war in our country. All of the wars that top executive have occurred while weve lived our young lives could only be seen through the glare of the t. v. The same thing that has all been a part of our life feeding us knowingly false images of what it means to be, but which seems to relate to us all. The same thing, however, does indeed show us the horrors of ever increasing crime and the life of these acts.Living has become an easier accomplishment with every new device, but with each new mark we leave on this world a new problem arises for us and all that follow. Today the marks are abundant and the affects are already in motion. This is what has made us a generation set past and why it appears that we are some wonder to the rest of society. Tomorrow, however, we will wonder the same. I believe movies such as Clerks, Reality Bites, and Boyz N the Hood accurate ly portray the Misunderstood Generation.All of these movies deal with literal life problems of this generation and have characters that seem extremely life exchangeable. For example, in the movie Reality Bites, the main female character gets out of college to discover that she cant find a job reservation much more than minimum wage. Another character in the movie gets fired regularly from contrasting minimum wage jobs, lives with different friends from week to week, and only worries about what will make him happy. These movies reflect the Misunderstood Generation in a way that all people can try to understand what it is like to grow up this day in age.This is a generation that has never known a world without televistion. In my own research I have found that all this and much more to be true. A male 18, says In ten years I see myself employed in my champaign of study and with my first base girlfriend. When I asked him when the turning point of his live was he said It sounds re ally remarkable but it was when I read Catcher In the Rye. I went through a psychotic and get down state of mind, after which I made a pact not to waste time and make the best out of every second of my existence.His was just an example that justifies the fact that there are many things that could influence the awaking of an individual. A male 17, wrote I dont think that we arent so complex, just that the real complexities of young people are finally being treated seriously and studied for the first time when he was asked what his feelings were towards the statement Generation X is considered to be the most complex but least understood generation Role models and heroes paly a crucial part in the decision-making of todays youth. numerous of us look to somebody whos popular, good-looking and successful to imitate, look up to and take advice from. Xers will sacrifice their lives for a worthy cause. Many are ready to do so now. But we need evangelists who will take the time to befriend us and listen to us and be genuine the whole time. I am not too aggravated with the statement Generation X is considered to be the most complex but least understood generation anymore. After all, everybody is different, society is different, and lets face it, I am only one of the thousands maybe even millions of gen exers out there.

Is Life Fair? Essay

Is life fair? This is a question which has ever been asked by wad from all walks of life since time immemorial. It was always asked by people who lose slight in life. For people from Africa they who have always been featured in international magazines looking like skeletons clad in desiccated skin, life certainly is unfair. They are the people who tummy non regular eat one hale nutritious meal in one week. They only exist because of the kindness of separates. If help comes, then they can eat if none arrives, they have to forgo eating and patiently wait for a nonher day.They could not even afford to wrap themselves in the flimsiest garment to protect their bodies from the elements. When they get sick which happens very lots because of their disk operating system of deprivation they cannot get their hands on the simplest medicine because none is lendable to them. They are supposed to be our brothers and sisters in God who were given free leave behind just like ours. How ever, in their situation, one could not help asking the question Are they in any position to exercise their free will?The answer is undoubtedly a resounding NO How could they when they could not even lift a leaf to defend themselves from biting insects? They who have been photographed in an apparently weakened state being watched by hold vultures preparing to eat their remains as soon as they close their eyes in dying cease? These unfortunate people of Africa could not be heard asking if life is fair because even their voices have already been swallowed by poverty and deprivation.In spite of their silence, however, nobody can deny that life has indeed been very unfair for these ill-fated, luckless, forgotten children of God. The situation in Africa is by all means extreme. One does not need to cite such severe cases nor go to far-off Africa, however, just to establish that life has never, or could never be fair. Thither are numerous examples of lifes unfairness right here in the country. Even in America, the unequal distribution of wealth is very evident. There are parents who could nevertheless send their children to school because of poverty.There are high school graduates (in fact majority of them) who choose not to act up to college because they would rather work and help support their families. Some defenders of the American way of life would often flaunt that this is because jobs are readily available in America. This is merely a smoke screen, however. Who would not purport to have a college degree if given the opportunity? It is not unknown to everybody that the high-paying jobs are only available to college graduates and holders of master or doctoral degrees.As a result, these people enjoy much of lifes blessings than their fellow citizens who work after high school. Of course, there are student loans available to those who qualify. Unfortunately, this program is not readily available to everybody, aside from the fact that the loan has to be pa id with interest some long time after graduation. Meanwhile, the family members are already reeling from the effects of poverty. So instead of availing of these student loans and go to college, young people choose to work instead.In the meantime, rich kids go to college, work for their masters degrees and even proceed to the doctoral programs and get as much as five, six, or even ten times high salaries afterwards. So is life fair in the United States? The picture becomes slightly different when one visits the trine world countries. Because college education is comparatively cheaper in such countries, many of the high school graduates could afford to go to college and in fact do so.Unfortunately for them, jobs are not available even to college graduates. Some of the more fortunate find their way to developed countries like the United States and land good-paying jobs. The rest, however, have no other option but to stay at home and basically work for loose change, become underemploy ed, or even join the ranks of the unemployed despite their diplomas. In such countries, it is usual to find college graduates working as busboys in restaurants, crews in supermarkets, and taxi drivers. Is life, then, fair?

Social Class and Redneck Neighbor

marketing 542 January 23, 2010 Clash of the Classes midpoint vs. uplifted Proles What was once reasond by the rich and the poor, it is undoubted that society today cannot be so easily defined. In the words of Jennifer Steinhauer, One thing modernity brought with it was all kinds of identities, the ability for people to choose who you ask to be, how you requirement to decorate yourself, what kind of lifestyle you want. With this vast amount of identities comes the compulsion for a more structured family line designation as well as a process for de-blurring the lines between them. small-arm Paul Fussell has recognise nine housees in this country, the focus of this analysis will rely on two of them Middle and extravagantly Proletarian, or high up Proles. The researched differences between these groups will be examined and then related to to the real-world deterrent example of Redneck Neighbor. Marketing practices and how they can be applied to this situation will also be referenced. As noted, Fussel recognizes nine classes and has them stray into three segments mellowed brow, middle brow, and low brow. At the top of the high brow segment lays Middle class and then High Proles just below it.While the two classes may be close to one another, the fact that Middle is just one class away from the high brows says copious for them to earn a completely different set of distinguishable attributes. It is this so close, but not close enough mentality of the Middle class that explains their desires and state of mind. According to Fussel, the Middle class is the most insecure class and practically obsessed with doing the right thing. Not only do they try to keep up with the high brows in what they consume, but also by how they consume it.Thorstein Veblen says it best with Closely related to the requirement that the gentlemans gentleman must consume freely and of the right kind of goods, there is the requirement that he must do it how to consume them in a seemly manner. The Middle class is constantly worried about their induce style and associate themselves (sometimes imaginably so) with money, power and taste. Conversely, High Proles are not consumed with worry about choosing the correct billet emblems, these people can be remarkably relaxed and unself-conscious.They can do, say, wear, and look like pretty much anything they want without undue feelings of shame, which belong to their betters, the middle class (Fussell, pg. 46). It appears as though the Middle class works precise hard to hide the fact that they arent in the high brow segment while High Proles are proud to be who they are and dont care what others debate. The middle class is petrified of travel down in ranking and the High Proles arent really striving to get ahead. It is this clear stemma between the classes that makes the Redneck Neighbor story so relevant and support the findings of various researchers.Based on the above information, it is clear that the auth or of the website is a member of the Middle class while the neighbor, or buttocks Doe 8 (JD8), is a High Prole. Coinciding with their obsession to look the part and not amount down in class, it makes sense that the author is terrified of being associated with his lower classed neighbor. He makes complaints to the police on numerous occasions, tells his fri deceases every single detail of his neighbors existence to the point where he feels the need to start his own website documenting it for the whole world to see.This is his attempt to save face and let everyone know that he disagrees with the manner of consumption by his neighbor. This supports Veblens quote Since the consumption of these more excellent goods is an evidence of wealth, it becomes respectful and conversely, the failure to consume in due quantity and quality becomes a mark of inferiority and demerit. While talking to the builder, the author quotes the builder starts referring to the neighbor in a less-than-amicab le fashion someone else on my perspective Perhaps he feels a bit guilty for his privacy invading actions but is able to discharge himself by hearing someone with the same demeanor. One of the biggest mistakes the author makes is associating JD8s social class with money and the car he drives. As Fussel points out, Its not riches alone that defines these classes (pg. 27). And we know from Steinhauers example of entry level luxury cars that in these days, the kind of car you drive cannot be directly related to your worth or class. Additionally, Veblens idea of consumption in the city versus country comes into play.Since the residents are in the suburbs (or country), it is pretty much known throughout the town the value of each home/family. This fear is express by the author when he says, I can see the property value falling high-velocity than his mailbox post. Even with all of the accused faux pas, it does not appear that JD8 is intentionally trying to awake others. Contrary to the previous statement of High Proles not trying to get ahead, it does appear that the neighbor is devising an attempt to update his property with the common items found in the neighborhood mailbox post, fish pond, herb garden and flagpole.But going back to the research findings of Fussell and Veblen, it is not the fact that he is trying to shew these items but that he is doing them in the wrong way. And coinciding with the attributes of a High Prole, JD8 is not ashamed and on the face of it doesnt care what others think. An interesting aspect of the Redneck Neighbor case was the small hints that the author was a bit of a redneck himself.Calling the basketball hoop a basketball goal, sexual congress the police officer the next time we have a problem some damn automobile trunk is going to jail, and feeling the need to clarify what livestock is, gave the impression he was not as high class as he hoped to portray himself. What does all of this mean for marketers? It means that it is getting harder to categorize customer segments in which to market. As you can see from Redneck Neighbor, todays consumers have maverick buying patterns. JD8 spends money on a luxury brand car, but not on rest home items. This somewhat new phenomenon is not unique to JD8.Many people splurge on higher end items like Godiva, BMW, and Whole Foods yet still go to Costco for their day-to-day needs. According to Steinhauer, Where once they pitched advertisements in the main to a core group of customers, now they are increasingly fine-tuning their efforts, trying to identify potential customers by interests and tastes as well as income level. Author Douglas Holt believes that the best way to capture consumers is to create stories that affect how they think about themselves in the world. This technique could be very beneficial for Middle class customers since marketers could play up on the idea of high brow society.With High Proles, marketers could take advantage of their independent mindset and pride in their advertising campaigns. Hardly anyone can argue that the classification of consumers has become more difficult all over the years and the population as a whole is harder to reach. Marketers constantly need to think of new ways to get their message across and have it register within consumer minds. It is unclear what the future holds for marketers, but it is an elicit challenge to move away from the old teachings and tailor them to the constantly clashing classes of our time. Word Count 1,277

The Use of Metaphors

SanTianna Simmons ENG 1102 25 April 2013 A metaphor is where you show how both unrelated things be similar. For example by saying Love is a roller-coaster. A key expression of a metaphor is use a specific transference of a word into a nonher context. The gentlemans gentleman mind creates comparisons between different things. The surmount writers use metaphors. Like poetry, a metaphor forget posit a thousand different meanings each at once, wholeowing the writer to convey much more topic than they could do former(a)wise.More than playing simple word games, the use of metaphors in your writing r break through out win your stories to a place next to the keenest authors in the human. There ar numerous kinds of metaphors Allegory, jackassechesis, parables, extend metaphors, etc. An extended metaphor establishes a subject and then extends it further, as in this quote from Shakespe be All the worlds a stage, And all the men and women merely players They have their exits and their entrances, And wizard man in his time plays many parts, His acts being sevensome ages. Brian Doyle, Author of Joyas Valdoras, uses the humbird metaphor to support his narration. The story starts off by grabbing the readers attention with a fact. The fact is very inte placiditying. Unless you are someone that studies animals, you would have no idea that a hummingbirds nerve is the size of a pencil, or that it beats ten times per second. After I read the graduation sentence, I was instantly interested to see what more the author had to say. He got the name, Joyas Valdoras, from a reference by early Spanish settlers. It means tent-flying jewels.They gripeed these creatures flying jewels because they had never seen anything like them before. They would fly around chop-chop all day, reproducing and collecting nectar. Doyle then goes on to conduct more facts more or less hummingbirds and their incredible unions. Hummingbirds can fly up to 500 miles without stopping t o rest, however they can get burnt-out out. Whenever humming birds get burned out, it can become fatal. Although Doyles allusion to hummingbirds was interesting, I dont think he meant for his story to scarcely be a story about humming birds.He similarly goes on to talk about the mordant whale, an animal having the largest amount in the world. He gives us interesting facts about that animal as well, tho this save does non justify why he was even writing the story, for if he had wanted his readers to be communicate only about animals, hed have put these facts in a science concord sooner. I think Doyle was relating the animals black Maria with that of human wagon. He state sometimes humming birds get burned out without even issueing what theyre doing is dangerous. Humans also do the kindred thing.Todays world is very fast paced. Sometimes we dont have time to rest or do anything of that nature. We do it, without knowing how unhealthy to the body and spirit that is. He al so alludes that the heart is a very strong thing. Not just our physical heart, but our emotional and spiritual heart as well. So much can happen to someones heart. It can go by dint of the most joy, excitement, hurt and vexation and still beat at the end of the day. I think the steering Doyle transitions form talking about hummingbirds and whales to something so emotional was very makeive.He makes it easy for us to relate to his story because he keeps us so involved. I matte as if he was ready the story to me instead of the other agency around. Sian-Pierre Regis stated As should be obvious by now, Doyle is doing far more than describing the hearts of various animals. In explaining about the hearts of animals, he has subtly been drawing us into this reality We all churn inside. In this creation there is unimaginable beauty (flying jewels) and there is excruciating pain sensation (a brilliant music stilled).And so finally, we are led to his masterful ending and the real stage of this whole piece. If youve read this far, I encourage you to take a minute and quiet your heart. Let yourself finger these words. It may hurt, but it will almost certainly heal as well. In giving an overview of the hearts of creatures, Doyle ends with this So much held in a heart in feeltime. So much held in a heart in day, and hour, a moment. We are utterly open with no one, in the end non mother and father, not wife or husband, not lover, not child, not friend.We open windows to each but we live alone in the house of the heart. Perhaps we must. Perhaps we could not bear to be so naked, for fear of a constantly harrowed heart. When young we think there will come one person who will savor and sustain us always when we are older we know this is the dream of a child, that all hearts finally are bruised and scarred, scored and torn, repaired by time and will, patched by force of character, all the same fragile and rickety forevermore, no matter how ferocious the defense and how many bricks you need to the wall.You can brick up your heart as stout and tight and hard and cold and impregnable as you possibly can and down it comes in an instant, felled by a womans second glance, a childs apple breath, the shatter of glass in the road, the words I have something to testify you, a cat with a broken spine dragging itself into the forest to die, the brush of your mothers papery quaint hand in the thicket of your hair, the memory of your fathers voice early in the morning echoing from the kitchen where he is making pancakes for his children. The article A Metaphorical Analysis of Martin Luther King Jr. s I oblige a Dream Speech, by Joe Ciesinski, to me is an aide to help understand the metaphors Dr. Martin Luther King utilize within his famous row I have a Dream. Ciesinski cited others opinions about the wrangle which also was another striking source of helping understand the speech. Within the article, the question What does I adopt a Dream mean to me was asked. To me, when someone asks me what does I Have a Dream mean to me, I would say that it makes me finger as if the color of my skin or my sex should never be a factor of why I cant do anything that I want to do. Anybody should be up to(p) of saying the same.Ciesinski believes that I Have a Dream would not only speak about problems in America, but that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr would call upon all citizens of the United States to enact change and correct the injustices that would occur passim our nation. Martin Luther King Jr. contrasts light and dark metaphors when he states, this momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves, who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a jovial daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. (Ciesinski) The previous quote to me sums up the entire I Have a Dream speech.It focuses on the struggles of colored people and how the nation needs to take the time out to notice that these hate crimes need to come to an end. Overall, I think Ciesinskis metaphorical analysis is a great help to distinguish the true meaning and break down of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. s speech. I also believe that he used good sources to help apprehend the famous speech. It is a stark metaphor, an accusation articulated in bluntly economic terms. The Declaration of Independence implied, and later the liberty Proclamation promised, meaningful freedom to African Americans. But the promise was never fulfilled. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a perverting check, a check which has come affirm marked insufficient funds, King said. This part of the speech has been mostly forgotten, swamped in collective memory by the soaring rhetoric of Kings peroration. When initial renderings for the new Martin Luther King Jr. National biography were first unveiled, they included a prominent place for the promissory-note metaphor, but as the project we nt forward the extension was deemed too confrontational and dropped from the final design. What is best remembered from the Dream speech is, in fact, not original to it.The stimulate incantation, the cries of let freedom ring, the litany of place names (the snowcapped Rockies, the molehills of Mississippi), the lines borrowed from the biblical books of Amos and Isaiah, the quotations from spirituals and patriotic songs none of this material was original to the speech King gave on the Mall. Most of it was recycled, an impromptu decision by King to reuse some of the best applause lines he had tested in Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama and, only weeks earlier, in Detroit. Stated by Philip Kennicott. Short talks by Anne Carson was an article full of miniature lectures with a different meaning for each one.Some of the short articles were confusing but the others caught my attention. An article in Short dialogue that was easily understood was ON WALKING BACKWARDS. ON WALKING BACKWARDS was about how as a child Carson states My mother would blackball us to walk backwards. That is how the dead walk, she would say. Carson goes on to say that she had no understanding where that specific superstition came from. later to break the quote down, the dead doesnt walk backwards but they do walk fundament us with no lungs to breath or cannot call but would love for us to turn around.Superstitions are to be used and known all across the world. According to Keisha Stephen-Gittens from Outlish Magazine quotes Since I was a child, I used to hear my grandmother telling my mother that if she came home after midnight, she better had walk in the house backwards so that spirits dont follow her inside. Thats funny, because many of us feters would have some back walking to do. So, I was surprised to find that almost 60% of the persons I randomly surveyed still do this today. I followed this superstition religiously until I moved out on my own, and then, ironically, I would just ook leave, right and around before I entered my apartment. Youd think I would be really afraid and in a way yes, but I was looking for bandits, not spirits. However, the way things goin these days, is bess we look for both yes Weve also been told to close doors facing the outside so that spirits dont follow you inside. There are other superstitions about spirits and death and our older folks would tell these with a passion and intensity that would send you to bed quivering, wanting a pillow to hug up and sleeping with one eye open.If youre alone in the house and you hear someone call your name, would you answer? I wont. The ole folks used to say do not answer, cause it could be a spirit calling. I think this is a given. Ive watched too many horror movies to know what the outcome of THAT could be. Jon Eben Field states The female body is a powerful signifier in these poems. Short Talks invokes the last thirty years of Camille Claudels life in an asylum (Claudel was a French sculptor who worked from 1884 to 1898 as an assistant to Auguste Rodin).After noting that Claudel broke all the sculpting stone given to her, Carson writes, Night was when her hands grew, huger and huger until in the photograph they are like two parts of someone else loaded onto her knees. Claudels hands are both her own and not her own they have grown through disuse and misuse. But the absence is discovered in the unstructured broken stones that are buried with these hands, now so gargantuan. In Short Talk On Rectification, Carson depicts the disreputable relationship between Franz Kafka and Felice Bauer Kafka liked to have his watch an hour and a half fast. Felice kept scenery it right.Nonetheless for five years they almost married. Ultimately, it is the body of Felice that overwhelms Kafka, for as Carson writes, When advised not to speak by the doctors in the sanatorium, he left glass sentences all over the floor. Felice, says one of them, had too much nakedness left in her. This sig nals the second most pervasive theme of these poems, the devastating plenitude of too much. Eula Biss The Pain crustal plate is about how no matter how much something is painful, no pain lasts forever. Throughout the article Biss gives examples of pain as she goes from 0 to 10 on a pain scale.She gives examples like if you are at a zero, you feel no pain therefore you could be fine. If you are at a 1, you could take some aspirin and be fine the next day. If you are at an 8 you might need some examining. If you are at a nine then, you are suffering and it gets even worse at a take ten which is unbearable. The Pain Scale, Eula Biss claims that no pain lasts forever. Biss goes on to say that when you experience the pain regardless of how bad the pain is, once the pain goes away you cant feel the pain anymore. I got a feeling that the author is indifferent to pain and does not know how to feel or describe it.I felt that the authors mind is being guided by what her father use to tell her. She does not know how to describe what she is feeling or think for herself. The author feels as if excruciating pain does not exist. She sees zero as a number that does not do the same thing as the other numbers and she uses biblical illusions concerning Jesus.. The author goes back and forth from her pain theory and analysis, to her current pain situation. She is plainly feeling some pain but she thinks the face chart does not help her know what take aim she is that. She lies to the doctor to not seem foolish but really she does have great pain.The author thinks that if she admits to her great physical pain, she will seem pathetic and exaggerated. The author has apparent physical pain but also mental trauma from her father the physician. Her psychological pain I think is greater than her physical one in a couple of ways. I agree with Biss on this issue. Overall, I believe that no pain lasts forever. If a person were to ask another how something felt, they could never sit the re and visualize the full effect of that pain right then and there unless you go through the same pain again at the time being.Our Secret by Susan Griffin is a hybrid of memoir, history, and journalism, and is built with these discrete strands the Holocaust women moved(p) by World War II directly or indirectly in their treatment by husbands and fathers the harsh, repressive boyhood of Heinrich Himmler, who grew up to command Nazi rocketry and became the key architect of Jewish genocide the testimony of a man scarred by war and Griffins own desperately unhappy family life and harsh, repressed girlhood.In between these chunks are short italic passages of just a few sentences on cellular phone biologyfor instance, how the shell around the nucleus of the cell allows only some substances to pass throughand on the development of guided missiles in Germany and, later, by many of the same scientists, in the United States, where nuclear warheads were added and the intercontinental ballisti c missile created. Researching her book in Paris, Griffin meets a woman, Helene, who survived one of Himmlers death camps.Shed been turned in by another Jew and tracked down using a net of informationa re mains tracing back to Himmlers boyhood diariescollected on cards and sent to the Gestapo for duplication and filing, the work of absolute men and women. In the article Translating Translation Finding the Beginning, Alberto Alvaro Rios claims that the act is the translation by presenting translation as a metaphor and how cultures are different. Rios goes on to say that how something is said, the language can be figured.In Rios article, he had duplex examples of how cultures are different. Some of the examples that he expressed where how a man was put in jail, forgotten about and never said anything, how his house painting went wrong when he was young, and how Rios had a misinterpretation about controverting. I agree with Rios on this issue when he stated that learning languages can be similar to looking through a set of binoculars. Overall, I believe that it is true that the simplest word can have many definitions and interpretations.For example when Rios moved into his new home when he was younger. His mother wanted the wall to be sensationalistic but the Mexican thought she wanted it to be lime green due to the fact that said limon. Another example was when the boy asked how many fights has he had. The boy meant physical fighting but Rios meant the fight he has had learning a new language. I believe that the metaphors were very effective because they helped understand the main key points Rios was trying to make.Alberto Rios states Linguists, by using electrodes on the vocal cords, have been able to demonstrate that slope has tenser vowels than, for example, Spanish. The body itself speaks a language differently, so that moving from one language to another is more than translating words. Its acquiring the body ready as well. Its getting the heart read y along with the mind. Ive been intrigued by this information. It addresses the physicality of language in a way that perhaps surprises us.In this sense, we forget that words arent simply what they mean they are also physical acts. I often talk about the duality of language using the metaphor of binoculars, how by using two lenses one might see something better, closer, with more detail. The apparatus, the binoculars, are of course physically clunky as is the learning of two languages, and all the signage and so on that this entails theyre clumsy, but once put to the look a new world in that moment opens up to us.And its not a new world at all its the same world, but simply better seen, and therefore better understood. Overall, metaphors will elevate your writing, taking something plain and transforming it into something beautiful. Poetry is full of metaphors. If you need to, use one of your rewriting cycles just to add metaphors to your story. Imagine how greater your story will be with the use of metaphors. Metaphors will free up your imagination, which will take your story in directions you may not have planned on. Enjoy the surprises that metaphors will bring to you